References
- Albus H, Vansteensel MJ, Michel S, et al. (2005). A GABAergic mechanism is necessary for coupling dissociable ventral and dorsal regional oscillators within the circadian clock. Curr Biol. 15:886–93.
- Brand C, Burkhardt E, Schaeffel F, et al. (2005). Regulation of Egr-1, VIP, and Shh mRNA and Egr-1 protein in the mouse retina by light and image quality. Mol Vision. 11:309–20.
- Brandenberger G, Weibel L. (2004). The 24-h growth hormone rhythm in men: sleep and circadian influences questioned. J Sleep Res. 13:251–55.
- Brazeau P, Vale W, Burgus R, et al. (1973). Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science. 179:77–9.
- Burleigh DE, Banks MR. (2007). Stimulation of intestinal secretion by vasoactive intestinal peptide and cholera toxin. Auton Neurosci Bas Clin. 133:64–75.
- Cassone VM, Kumar V. (2015). Circadian rhythms. In Scanes CG, eds. Sturkie’s avian physiology. Vol 6. New York: Elsevier Science, pp. 811–27.
- Cuesta M, Clesse D, Pe´vet P, Challet E. (2009). From daily behaviour to hormonal and neurotransmitters rhythms: Comparison between diurnal and nocturnal rat species. Horm Behav. 55:338–47.
- Dardente H, Menet JS, Challet E, et al. (2004). Daily and circadian expression of neuropeptides in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of nocturnal and diurnal rodents. Mol Brain Res. 124:143–51.
- De Boer SF, Gugten JVD. (1987). Daily variations in plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline and corticosterone concentrations in rats. Physiol Behav. 40:323–28.
- Deviche P, Sabo J, Sharp PJ. (2008). Glutamatergic stimulation of luteinising hormone secretion in relatively refractory male songbirds. J Neuroendocrinol. 20:1191–1202.
- Farajnia S, van Westering TL, Meijer JH, Michel S. (2014). Seasonal induction of GABAergic excitation in the central mammalian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:9627–32.
- Felíu JE, Mojena M, Silvestre RA, et al. (1983). Stimulatory effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes: antagonism by insulin. Endocrinol. 112:2120–27.
- Fernández G, Mena MP, Arnau A, Sánchez O, Soley M, Ramírez I. (2000). Immobilzation stress induces c-Fos accumulation in liver. Cell Stress Chaperon. 5:306–12.
- Gardi J, Oba´LF Jr, Fang J, et al. (1999). Diurnal variations and sleep deprivation-induced changes in rat hypothalamic GHRH and somatostatin contents. Am J Physiol. 277:1339–44.
- Golombek DA, Rosenstein RE. (2010). Physiology of circadian entrainment. Physiol Rev. 90:1063–1102.
- Hannibal J. (2002). Neurotransmitters of the retino-hypothalamic tract. Cell Tissue Res. 309:73–88.
- Hara E, Kubikova L, Hessler NA, Jarvis ED. (2007). Role of the midbrain dopaminergic system in modulation of vocal brain activation by social context. Eur J Neurosci. 25:3406–16.
- Henning RJ, Sawmiller DR. (2001). Vasoactive intestinal peptide: Cardiovascular effects. Cardiovasc Res. 49:27–37.
- Hirsh J, Riemensperger T, Coulom H, et al. (2010). Roles of dopamine in circadian rhythmicity and extreme light sensitivity of circadian entrainment. Curr Biol. 20:209–14.
- Huang A, Bao B, Gaskins HR, et al. (2014). Circadian clock gene expression regulates cancer cell growth through glutaminase. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 46:409–14.
- Ikonomov OC, Stoynev AG. (1994). Gene expression in suprachiasmatic nucleus and circadian rhythms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 18:305–12.
- Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Beck B, Burlet C, Leibowitz SF. (1990). Diurnal rhythm of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic, arcuate and paraventricular nuclei and other hypothalamic sites. Brain Res. 536:331–34.
- Julio-Pieper M, Flor PJ, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. (2011). Exciting times beyond the brain: metabotropic glutamate receptors in peripheral and non-neural tissues. Pharmacol Rev. 63:35–58.
- Karaganis SP, Bartell PA, Shende VR. (2009). Modulation of metabolic and clock gene mRNA rhythms by pineal and retinal circadian oscillators. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 161:179–92.
- Kiessling S, Eichele G, Oster H. (2010). Adrenal glucocorticoids have a key role in circadian resynchronization in a mouse model of jet lag. J Clin Invest. 120:2600–09.
- King VM, Follett BK. (1997). c-fos expression in the putative avian suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Comp Physiol A. 180:541–51.
- Kong SE, Hall JC, Cooper D, McCauley RD. (2000). Starvation alters the activity and mRNA level of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase in the rat intestine. J Nutr Biochem. 11:393–400.
- Krejs GJ. (1986). Physiological role of somatostatin in the digestive tract: gastric acid secretion, intestinal absorption, and motility. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 119:47–53.
- Kumar V, Singh BP, Rani S. (2004). The bird clock: a complex, multi-oscillatory and highly diversified system. Biol Rhythm Res. 35:121–44.
- Larsson L, Fahrenkrug J, Muckadell SD, et al. (1976). Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to central and peripheral neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 73:3197–3200.
- Liu C, Reppert SM. (2000). GABA synchronizes clock cells within the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. Neuron. 25:123–28.
- Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(–ddC(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–08.
- Low MJ. (2004). The somatostatin neuroendocrine system: physiology and clinical relevance in gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 18:607–22.
- Martin B, Shin YK, White CM, et al. (2011). Vasoactive intestinal peptide-null mice demonstrate enhanced sweet taste preference, dysglycemia, and reduced taste bud leptin receptor expression. Diabetes. 59:1143–52.
- Meddle SL, Follett BK. (1997). Photoperiodically driven changes in Fos expression within the basal tuberal hypothalamus and median eminence of Japanese quail. J Neurosci 17:8909–18.
- Mensah-Brown EP, Lawrence PA. (2001). Neurotransmitters regulating acid secretion in the proventriculus of the Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata): A morphological viewpoint. J Morphol. 248:175–84.
- Morgan JI, Curran T. (1989). Stimulus-transcription coupling in neurons: Role of cellular immediate-early genes. Trends Neurosci. 12:459–62.
- Nakamura K, Morrison SF. (2008). A thermosensory pathway that controls body temperature. Nat Neurosci. 11:62–71.
- Nielsen HS, Hannibal J, Fahrenkrug J. (2002). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide induces per1 and per2 gene expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus late at night. Eur J Neurosci. 15:570–74.
- Pekny T, Andersson D, Wilhelmsson U, et al. (2014). Short general anaesthesia induces prolonged changes in gene expression in the mouse hippocampus. Acta Anaes Scand. 58:1127–33.
- Pinaud R, Mello CV. (2007). GABA immunoreactivity in auditory and song control brain areas of zebra finches. J Chem Neuroanat. 34:1–21.
- Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol Int. 27:1911–29.
- Prinz PN, Halter J, Benedetti C, Raskind M. (1979). Circadian variation of plasma catecholamines in young and old men: Relation to rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 49:300–04.
- Rauceo S, Harding CF, Maldonado A, et al. (2008). Dopaminergic modulation of reproductive behavior and activity in male zebra finches. Behav Brain Res. 187:133–39.
- Reppert SM, Weaver DR. (2002). Coordination of circadian timing in mammals. Nature. 418:935–41.
- Richardson RD, Boswell T, Raffety BD, et al. (1995). NPY increases food intake in white-crowned sparrows: Effect in short and long photoperiods. Am J Physiol. 268:R1418–422.
- Romijn HJ, Sluiter AA, Pool CW, et al. (1996). Differences in colocalization between Fos and PHI, GRP, VIP and VP in neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus after a light stimulus during the phase delay versus the phase advance period of the night. J Comp Neurol. 372:1–8.
- Rusak B, Robertson HA, Wisden W, Hunt SP. (1990). Light pulses that shift rhythms induce gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Science. 248:1237–40.
- Saper CB, Scammell TE, Lu J. (2005). Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature. 437:1257–63.
- Shirakawa T, Honma S, Honma K. (2001). Multiple oscillators in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Chronobiol Int. 18:371–87.
- Singh D, Rani S, Kumar V. (2013). Daily expression of six clock genes in central and peripheral tissues of a night-migratory songbird: Evidence for tissue-specific circadian timing. Chronobiol Int. 30:1208–17.
- Singh D, Trivedi AK, Rani S, et al. (2015). Circadian timing in central and peripheral tissues in a migratory songbird: Dependence on annual life-history states. FASEB J. 29:4248–55.
- Soper DS. (2013). F-Value and p-Value Calculator for Multiple Regression [online software]. Available from: http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc.
- Staib-Lasarzik I, Kriego O, Timaru-Kast R, et al. (2014). Anesthesia for euthanasia influences mRNA expression in healthy mice and after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrau. 31:1664–71.
- Surbhi, Rastogi A, Rani S, Kumar V. (2015). Seasonal plasticity in the peptide neuronal systems: potential roles of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, gonadotrophin-inhibiting hormone, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the regulation of the reproductive axis in subtropical Indian weaver birds. J Neuroendocrinol. 27:357–69.
- Tanaka C. (1985). Gamma-Aminobutyric acid in peripheral tissues. Life Sci. 37:2221–35.
- Tatemoto K. (2004). Neuropeptide Y: History and overview. In Michel MC, ed. Neuropeptide Y and related peptides. Vol. 62. Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 1–21.
- Teruyama R, Beck MM. (2001). Double immunocytochemistry of vasoactive intestinal peptide and cGnRH-I in male quail: Photoperiodic effects. Cell Tissue Res. 303:403–14.
- Tosini G, Pozdeyev N, Sakamoto K, Iuvone PM. (2008). The circadian clock system in the mammalian retina. Bioessays. 30:624–33.
- Trabucchi M, Tostivint H, Lihrmann I, et al. (2003). Characterization of the cDNA encoding a somatostatin variant in the chicken brain: Comparison of the distribution of the two somatostatin precursor mRNAs. J Comp Neurol. 461:441–51.
- Trivedi AK, Kumar J, Rani S, Kumar V. (2014). Annual life history–dependent gene expression in the hypothalamus and liver of a migratory songbird: Insights into the molecular regulation of seasonal metabolism. J Biol Rhythms. 29:332–45.
- Trivedi AK, Malik S, Rani S, Kumar V. (2016). Pinealectomy abolishes circadian behavior and interferes with circadian clock gene oscillations in brain and liver but not retina in a migratory songbird. Physiol Behav. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.019
- Vidal L, Lugo N. (2006). Changes in neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity and transcript levels in circadian system structures of the diurnal rodent, the thirteen lined ground squirrel. Brain Res. 1125:77–84.
- Vollmers C, Gill S, DiTacchio L, et al. (2009). Time of feeding and the intrinsic circadian clock drive rhythms in hepatic gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:21453–458.
- Wada K, Sakaguchi H, Jarvis E, Hagiwara M. (2004). Differential expression of glutamate receptors in avian neural pathways for learned vocalization. Comp Neurol. 476:44–64.
- Yamada J, Kitamura N, Yamashita T. (1985). The relative frequency and topographical distribution of somatostatin-, GRP-, APP-, glucagon-, 5-HT-, and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the proventriculus of seven species of birds. Arch Histol Jpn. 48:305–14.
- Yoshida K, Kawamura K, Imaki J. (1993). Differential expression of c-fos mRNA in rat retinal cells: Regulation by light/dark cycle. Neuron. 10:1049–54.