References
- Osmond C B, Holtum J AM. Crassulacean acid metabolism. The biochemistry of plants, M D Hatch, N A Board-Man. Academic Press, New York 1981; 283–370, (8)
- Andreo C S, Gonzalez D H, Iglesias A A. Higher plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. FEBS Lett 1987; 213: 1–8
- Kluge M, Brulfert J, Queiroz O. Diurnal changes in the regulation of PEP-carboxyl-ase in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Plant Cell Environ 1981; 4: 251–56
- Winter K. Properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in rapidly prepared, desalted leaf extracts of the crassulacean acid metabolism plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Planta 1982; 154: 298–308
- Buchanan-Bollig I C, Smith J AC. Circadian rhythms in crassulacean acid metabolism: phase relationships between gas exchange, leaf water relations and malate metabolism in Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Planta 1984; 161: 314–19
- Nimmo G A, Nimmo H G, Fewson C A, Wilkins M B. Diurnal changes in the properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Bryophyllum leaves: a possible covalent modification. FEBS Lett 1984; 178: 199–203
- Nimmo G A, Nimmo H G, Hamilton I D, Fewson C A, Wilkins M B. Purification of the phosphorylated night form and dephosphorylated day form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi. Biochem J 1986; 239: 213–20
- Brulfert J, Vidal J, LeMarechal P, Gadal P, Queiroz O. Phosphorylation-dephos-phorylation process as a probable mechanism for the diurnal regulatory changes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in CAM plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 136: 151–59
- Kluge M, Maier P, Brulfert J, Faist K, Wollny E. Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in crassulacean acid metabolism: in vitro phosphorylation of the enzyme. J Plant Physiol 1988; 133: 252–56
- Baur B, Dietz K J, Winter K. Regulatory protein phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the facultative crassulacean-acid-metabolism plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Eur J Biochem 1992; 209: 95–101
- Weigend M. In vivo phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from the facultative CAM plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. J Plant Physiol 1994; 144: 654–60
- Wilkins M B. Circadian rhythms: their origin and control. New Phytol 1992; 121: 347–75
- Warren D M, Wilkins M B. An endogenous rhythm in the rate of dark-fixation of carbon dioxide in leaves of Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi. Nature 1961; 191: 686–88
- Buchanan-Bollig I, Fischer A, Kluge M. Circadian rhythms in Kalanchoe: the pathway of 14CO2 fixation during prolonged light. Planta 1984; 161: 71–80
- Grams T EE, Borland A M, Griffiths H, Beck F, Lüttge U. On the mechanism of reinitiation of endogenous crassulacean acid metabolism rhythm by temperature changes. Plant Physiol 1997; 113: 1309–17
- Bollig I C, Wilkins M B. Inhibition of the circadian rhythm of CO2 metabolism in Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi leaves by cycloheximide and dinitrophenol. Planta 1979; 145: 105–12
- Wilkins M B. The circadian rhythm of carbon dioxide fixation in Bryophyllum: the mechanism of phase-shift induction by thermal stimuli. Planta 1983; 157: 471–80
- Wilkins M B. On the mechanism of phase control by light in the rhythm of carbon dioxide output in leaves of Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi. J Exp Bot 1989; 40: 1315–20
- Freimert, Heininger D, Kluge M, Ziegler H. Temperature effects on malic-acid efflux from the vacuoles and on the carboxylation pathways in crassulacean acid metabolism plants. Planta 1988; 174: 453–61
- Kluge M, Kliemchen A, Galla H -J. Temperature effects on crassulacean acid metabolism: EPR spectroscopic studies on the thermotropic phase behaviour of the to-noplast membranes of Kalanchoe' daigremontiana. Bot Acta 1991; 104: 355–60
- Nimmo G A, Wilkins M B, Fewson C A, Nimmo H G. Persistent circadian rhythms in the phosphorylation state of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi leaves and in its sensitivity to inhibition by malate. Planta 1987; 170: 408–15
- Carter P J, Nimmo H G, Fewson C A, Wilkins M B. Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi protein phosphatase 2A can dephosphorylate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. FEBS Lett 1990; 263: 233–36
- Carter P J, Nimmo H G, Fewson C A, Wilkins M B. Circadian rhythms in the activity of a plant protein kinase. EMBO J 1991; 10: 2063–68
- Nimmo H G. The regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by reversible phosphorylation. Post-trans-lational modifications in plants, N H Battey, H G Dickinson, A M Hetherington. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993; 161–70, SEB Seminar Series no. 53
- Hartwell J, Smith L H, Wilkins M B, Jenkins G I, Nimmo H G. Higher plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase is regulated at the level of translatable mRNA in response to light or a circadian rhythm. Plant J 1996; 10: 1071–78
- Mittag M, Hastings J W. Exploring the signaling pathway of circadian biolumines-cence. Physiol Plant 1996; 96: 727–32
- Carter P J, Wilkins M B, Nimmo H G, Fewson C A. Effects of temperature on the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and on the control of CO2 fixation in Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi. Planta 1995; 196: 375–80
- Nimmo H G, Carter P J, Fewson C A, Nimmo G A, Wilkins M B (1996) Protein phosphorylation and circadian rhythms. Protein phosphorylation in plants. Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe no. 39. 1996, P R Shewry, N G Halford, R Hooley. Clarendon Press, OxfordEngland, 65–74
- Carter P J, Wilkins M B, Nimmo H G, Fewson C A. The role of temperature in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of CO2 fixation in Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi. Planta 1995; 196: 381–86
- Grams T EE, Beck F, Lüttge U. Generation of rhythmic and arrythmic behaviour of crassulacean acid metabolism in Kalanchoe daigremontiana under continuous light by varying the irradiance or temperature: measurements in vivo and model simulations. Planta 1996; 198: 110–17
- Borland A M, Griffiths H. A comparative study on the regulation of C1 and C4 carboxylation processes in the constitutive crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant Kalanchoë daigremontiana and the C3-CAM intermediate Clusia minor. Planta 1997; 201: 368–78
- Borland, et al, submitted