Bright Light Therapy: Improved Sensitivity to Its Effects on Rest-Activity Rhythms in Alzheimer Patients by Application of Nonparametric Methods

References

• Aharon-Peretz J, Masiah A, Pillar T, et al. Sleep-wake cycles in multi-infarct dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology 1991; 41: 1616–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ancoli-Israel S, Kripke D F. Now I lay me down to sleep: the problem of sleep fragmentation in elderly and demented residents of nursing homes. Bull Clin Neurosci 1989; 1154: 127–32
   Google Scholar
• Brown A C, Smolensky M H, ĎAlonzo G E, et al. Actigraphy: a means of assessing circadian patterns in human activity. Chronobiol Int 1990; 7: 125–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell S S, Gillin J C, Kripke D F. Ambulatory recording of rest/activity, body temperature and light exposure in normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease. Sleep Res 1986; 15: 264
   Google Scholar
• Cohen R A, Albers H E. Disruption of human circadian and cognitive regulation following a discrete hypothalamic lesion: a case study. Neurology 1991; 41: 726–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen-Mansfield J, Marx M S. The relationship between sleep disturbances and agitation in a nursing home. J Aging Health 1990; 2: 42–57
   Google Scholar
• Colenda C C, Cohen W, McCall W V, et al. Phototherapy for patients with Alzheimer disease with disturbed sleep patterns: results of a community-based pilot study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1997; 11: 175–78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edgar D M, Dement W C, Fuller C A. Effect of SCN lesions on sleep in squirrel monkeys: evidence for opponent processes in sleep-wake regulation. J Neurosci 1993; 13: 1065–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsmore T F, Hegge F W, Naitoh P, et al. WinCD: Windows software for complex demodulation. Chronobiol Int 1995; 12: 248–56
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher-Thompson D, Brooks J OD, Bliwise D, et al. The relations among caregiver stress, “sundowning” symptoms, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40: 807–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gander P H, Macdonald J A, Montgomery J C, et al. Adaptation of sleep and circadian rhythms to the Antarctic summer: a question of zeitgeber strength. Aviat Space Environ Med 1991; 62: 1019–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grau C, Escera C, Cilveti R, et al. Ultradian rhythms in gross motor activity of adult humans. Physiol Behav 1995; 57: 411–19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hozumi S, Okawa M, Mishima K, et al. Phototherapy for elderly patients with dementia and sleep-wake rhythm disorders—a comparison between morning and evening light exposure. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1990; 44: 813–14
   Google Scholar
• Ibuka N, Kawamura H. Loss of circadian rhythm in sleep-wakefulness cycle in the rat by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions. Brain Res 1975; 96: 76–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara K, Honma Y, Miyake S. Changes of rectal temperature and wrist activity during 25-h sliding shift: a preliminary study. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1993; 47: 484–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson R F, Moore R Y, Morin L P. Running wheel activity in hamsters with hypothalamic damage. Physiol Behav 1988; 43: 755–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koster-van Hoffen G C, Mirmiran M, Bos N P, et al. Effects of a novel melatonin analog on circadian rhythms of body temperature and activity in young, middle-aged, and old rats. Neurobiol Aging 1993; 14: 565–69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kripke D F. An ultradian biologic rhythm associated with perceptual deprivation and REM sleep. Psychosom Med 1972; 34: 221–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavie P, Scherson A. Ultrashort sleep-walking schedule. I. Evidence of ultradian rhythmicity in “sleepability.”. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1981; 52: 163–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lomb N R. Least-squares frequency analysis of unequally spaced data. Astrophys. Space Sci 1976; 39: 447–62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell B B, Ancoli-Israel S, Gevirtz R. Effect of bright light treatment on agitated behavior in institutionalized elderly subjects. Psychiatry Res 1995; 57: 7–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucassen P J, Hofman M A, Swaab D F. Increased light intensity prevents the age related loss of vasopressin-expressing neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res 1995; 693: 261–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manber R, Bootzin R R, Acebo C, et al. The effects of regularizing sleep-wake schedules on daytime sleepiness. Sleep 1996; 19: 432–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minors D, Akerstedt T, Atkinson G, et al. The difference between activity when in bed and out of bed. I. Healthy subjects and selected patients. Chronobiol Int 1996; 13: 27–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirmiran M, Overdijk J, Witting W, et al. A simple method for recording and analyzing circadian rhythms in man. J Neurosci Methods 1988; 25: 209–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mirmiran M, Swaab D F, Kok J H, . Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in perinatal development, aging and Alzheimer's disease. Progress in brain research, D F Swaab, M A Hofman, M Mirmiran, et al. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1992; 151–63
   Google Scholar
• Mistlberger R E, Bergmann B M, Rechtschaffen A. Relationships among wake episode lengths, contiguous sleep episode lengths, and electroencephalographic delta waves in rats with suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions. Sleep 1987; 10: 12–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moe K E, Vitiello M V, Larsen L H, et al. Sleep/wake patterns in Alzheimer's disease: relationships with cognition and function. J Sleep Res 1995; 4: 15–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojón A, Fernández J R, Hermida R C. Chronolab: an interactive software package for chronobiologic time series analysis written for the Macintosh computer. Chronobiol Int 1992; 9: 403–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okawa M, Hishikawa Y, Hozumi S, . Sleep-wake disorder and phototherapy in elderly patients with dementia. Biological psychiatry, G Racagni, et al. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1991; 837–40
   Google Scholar
• Okawa M, Mishima K, Hishikawa Y, et al. Circadian rhythm disorders in sleep-waking and body temperature in elderly patients with dementia and their treatment. Sleep 1991; 14: 478–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr W C, Hoffman H J, Hegge F W. The assessment of time-dependent changes in human performance. Chronobiologia 1976; 3: 293–305
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollak C P, Perlick D. Sleep problems and institutionalization of the elderly. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1991; 4: 204–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabins P V, Mace N L, Lucas M J. The impact of dementia on the family. JAMA 1982; 248: 333–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinberg A, Motohashi Y, Bourdeleau P, et al. Internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms and tolerance of shift work. Chronobiologia 1989; 16: 21–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruf T. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram in biological rhythm research: analysis of incomplete and unequally spaced time series. Biol Rhythm Res 1999, in press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruis J F, Rietveld W J, Buys J P. Effects of suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions on circadian and ultradian rhythms in body temperature in ocular enucleated rats. J Interdis-cipl Cycle Res 1987; 18: 259–73
   Google Scholar
• Sanford J R. Tolerance of debility in elderly dependants by supporters at home: its significance for hospital practice. Br Med J 1975; 3: 471–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satlin A, Teicher M H, Lieberman H R, et al. Circadian locomotor activity rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacol 1991; 5: 115–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satlin A, Volicer L, Ross V, et al. Bright light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 1028–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satlin A, Volicer L, Stopa E G, et al. Circadian locomotor activity and core-body temperature rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1995; 16: 765–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scargle J D. Studies in astronomical time series analysis. II Statistical aspects of spectral analysis of unevenly spaced data. Astrophys J 1982; 263: 835–53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider L S, Pollock V E, Lyness S A. A metaanalysis of controlled trials of neuroleptic treatment in dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38: 553–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sing H C. Human biological rhythms: the search for ultradians in movement activity behaviour. Ultradian rhythms in life processes. An inquiry into fundamental principles of chronobiology and psychobiology, D Lloyd, E L Rossi. Springer-Verlag, London 1992; 339–70
   Google Scholar
• Sing H C, Thorne D R, Hegge F W. Trend and rhythm analysis of time-series data using complex demodulation. Behav Res Meth Instr Comp 1985; 17: 623–29
   Google Scholar
• Sokolove P G, Bushell W N. The chi-square periodogram: its utility for analysis of circadian rhythms. J Theor Biol 1978; 72: 131–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaab D F, Fliers E, Partiman T S. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. Brain Res 1985; 342: 37–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaab D F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, et al. Tau and ubiquitin in the human hypothalamus in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 1992; 590: 239–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swearer J M, Drachman D A, O'Donnell B F, et al. Troublesome and disruptive behaviors in dementia. Relationships to diagnosis and disease severity. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 784–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turek F W, Penev P, Zhang Y, . Alterations in the circadian system in advanced age. Circadian clocks and their adjustment, D J Chadwick, K Ackrill, et al. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester 1995; 212–34, Ciba Foundation Symposium 183
   Google Scholar
• Van Dongen H PA, Olofsen E, Van Hartevelt J H, et al. Periodogram analysis of unequally spaced data: the Lomb method. Leiden University, Leiden 1997, report
   Google Scholar
• Van Gool W A, Mirmiran M. Aging and circadian rhythms. Progress in brain research, D F Swaab, E Fliers, M Mirmiran, et al. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1986; 255–77
   Google Scholar
• Van Someren E JW, Hagebeuk E EO, Lijzenga C, et al. Orcadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 40: 259–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Someren E JW, Kessler A, Mirmiran M, et al. Indirect bright light improves circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances in demented patients. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41: 955–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Someren E JW, Lijzenga C, Mirmiran M, et al. Long-term fitness training improves the circadian rest-activity rhythm in healthy elderly males. J Biol Rhythms 1997; 12: 146–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Someren E JW, Mirmiran M, Swaab D F. Non-pharmacological treatment of sleep and wake disturbances in aging and Alzheimer's disease: chronobiological perspectives. Behav Brain Res 1993; 57: 235–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Someren E JW, Scherder E JA, Swaab D F. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) improves circadian rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1998; 12: 114–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witting W, Kwa I H, Eikelenboom P, et al. Alterations in the circadian rest-activity rhythm in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 1990; 27: 563–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witting W, Mirmiran M, Bos N P, et al. Effect of light intensity on diurnal sleep-wake distribution in young and old rats. Brain Res Bull 1993; 30: 157–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandi T. Understanding difficult behaviors of nursing home residents: a prerequisite for sensitive clinical assessment and care. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1994; 8(suppl 1)S345–S54
   Google Scholar