REFERENCES
- Holl RW, Grabert M, Sorgo W, Heinze E, Debatin KM. Contributions of age, gender and insulin administration to weight gain in subjects with IDDM. Diabetologia 1998;41:542–547.
- Jacob AN, Salinas K, Adams-Huet B, Raskin P. Potential causes of weight gain in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006;8:404–411.
- Codner E, Barrera A, Mook-Kanamori D, Bazaes RA, Unanue N, Gaete X, . Ponderal gain, waist-to-hip ratio, and pubertal development in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes 2004;5:182–189.
- Libman IM, Pietropaolo M, Arslanian SA, LaPorte RE, Becker DJ. Changing prevalence of overweight children and adolescents at onset of insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2871–2875.
- De Block CE, De Leeuw IH, Van Gaal LF. Impact of overweight on chronic microvascular complications in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1649–1655.
- Thorn LM, Forsblom C, Fagerudd J, Thomas MC, Pettersson-Fernholm K, Saraheimo M, . Metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes: association with diabetic nephropathy and glycemic control (the FinnDiane study). Diabetes Care 2005;28:2019–2024.
- McGill M, Molyneaux L, Twigg SM, Yue DK. The metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes: does it exist and does it matter? J Diabetes Complications 2008;22:18–23.
- Lawrence JM, Liese AD, Liu L, Anderson A, Imperatore G, Bell R. Weight-loss practice and weight-related issues among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2008;31:2251–2257.
- Sandhu N, Witmans MB, Lemay JF, Crawford S, Jadavji N, Pacaud D. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2008;21:631–640.
- Newfiels RS, Cohen D, Capparelli EV, Shragg P. Rapid weight gain in children soon after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: is there room for concern? Pediatr Diabetes 2009;10:310–315.
- Ljungkrantz M, Ludvigsson J, Samuelsson U, Steffes MW, Cleary PA, Brunzell JD. Type 1 diabetes: increased height and weight gains in early childhood. Pediatr Diabetes 2008;9:50–56.
- Purnell JQ, Hokanson JE, Marcovina SM, . Effect of excessive weight gain with intensive therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. JAMA 1998;280:140–146.
- Perkins BA, Bril V. Early vascular risk factor modification in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005;352:408–409.
- Tsui H, Razavi R, Chan Y, Yantha J, Dosch HM. Sensing autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. Trends Mol Med. 2007;13(10):405–13.
- Kristiansen OP, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Interleukin-6 and diabetes the good, the bad, or the indifferent? Diabetes 2005;54:s114–s124.
- Kim LH, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Jung JH, Kim JY, Park BL, . Identification of novel SNPs in the interleukin 6 receptor gene (IL6R). Hum Mutat 2003;21:450–451.
- Hamid YH, Urhammer SA, Glumer C, Glümer C, Borch-Johnsen K, Jørgensen T, . Variation of the interleukin-6 receptor gene associated with type 2 diabetes in Danish whites. Diabetes 2004;53:3342–3345.
- Wolford JK, Colligan P, Gruber, D, Bogardus C. Variants in the interleukin 6 receptor gene are associated with obesity in Pima Indians. Mol Gen Metab, 2003;80:338–343.
- Wang H, Zhang Z, Chu W, López-Bermejo A, Rodríguez M, Recasens M, . Molecular screening and association analyses of the interleukin-6 receptor gene variants with type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:1123–1129.
- Esteve E, Villuendas G, Mallolas J, . Polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 receptor gene are associated with body mass index and with characteristics of metabolic syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 2006;65:88–91.
- Yixuan S, Koichi M, Jungo A, Zhang L, Omae K, Muramatsu M. The interaction between the interleukin 6 receptor gene genotype and dietary energy intake on abdominal obesity in Japanese men. Metab Clin Exp 2007;56:925–930.
- Bustamante M, Nogués X, Mellibovsky L, Agueda L, Jurado S, Cáceres E, . Polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 receptor gene are associated with bone mineral density and body mass index in Spanish postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2007;157:677–684.
- Oi L, Rifai N, Hu FB. Interleukin 6 receptor gene, plasma C-reactive protein, and diabetes risk in women. Diabetes 2009;58:275–278.
- Escobar-Morreale HF, Calvo RM, Villuendas G, Sancho J, San Millán JL. Association of polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 receptor complex with obesity and hyperandrogenism. Obes Res 2003;11:987–996.
- Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999–2000. JAMA 2002;288(14):1728–1732.
- Horiuchi S, Koyanagi Y, Zhou Y, Miyamoto H, Tanaka Y, Waki M, . Soluble interleukin-6 receptors released from T cell or granulocyte/macrophage cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are generated through an alternative splicing mechanism. Eur J Immunol 1994;24:1945–1948.
- Müllberg J, Oberthür W, Lottspeich F, Mehl E, Dittrich E, Graeve L, . The soluble human IL-6 receptor. Mutational characterization of the proteolytic cleavage site. J Immunol 1994;152:4958–4968.
- Rose-John S, Scheller J, Elson G, Jones SA. Interleukin-6 biology is coordinated by membrane-bound and soluble receptors: role in inflammation and cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2006;80:227–236.
- Galicia JC, Tai H, Komatsu Y, Shimada Y, Akazawa K, Yoshie H. Polymorphisms in the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) gene: strong evidence that serum levels of soluble IL6R are genetically influenced. Genes Immun 2004;5:513–516.
- Rafiq, TM. Frayling A, Murray A, Hurst A, Stevens K, Weedon MN, . A common variant of the interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) gene increases IL-6r and IL-6 levels, without other inflammatory effects. Genes Immun 2007;8:552–559.