Nitric oxide: Orchestrator of endothelium-dependent responses

References

• Félétou M, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial dysfunction: a multifaceted disorder (The Wiggers Award Lecture). Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291:H985–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhoutte PM. COX-1 and vascular disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;86:212–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial dysfunction: the first step toward coronary arteriosclerosis. Circulation J. 2009;73: 595–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhoutte PM, Tang E, Félétou M, Shimokawa H. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. Acta Physiol. 2009;196:193–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang EHC, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial dysfunction: a strategic target in the treatment of hypertension? Pflugers Arch. 2010;459:995–1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhoutte PM. Say NO to ET. J Auto Nerv Sys. 2000;81:271–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Félétou M, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations: past beliefs and present facts. Ann Med. 2007;39:495–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Félétou M, Vanhoutte PM. EDHF: an update. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;117:139–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feletou M, Tang EHC, Vanhoutte PM. Nitric oxide the gatekeeper of endothelial vasomotor control. Front Biosci. 2008;13:4198–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of the endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 1980;288:373–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer RMJ, Ferridge AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature. 1987;327:524–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furchgott RF. Studies on relaxation of rabbit aorta by sodium nitrite: The basis for the proposal that the acid-activable inhibitory factor from bovine retractor penis is inorganic nitrite and the endothelium-derived relaxing factor is nitric oxide. Vanhoutte PM. Mechanism of vasodilatation. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988. 401–14.
   Google Scholar
• Ignarro LJ, Byrns RE, Wood KS. Biochemical and pharmacological properties of EDRF and its similarity to nitric oxide radical. Vanhoutte PM. Mechanism of vasodilatation. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988. 427–35.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer RMJ, Ashton DS, Moncada S. Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nature. 1988;333:664–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moncada S, Palmer RJM, Higgs EA. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 1991;43:109–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:315–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt DS, Snyder SH. Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a camodulin requiring enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87:682–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt TB, Hwang PM, Glatt CE, Lowenstein C, Reed RR, Snyder SH. Cloned and expressed nitric oxide synthase structurally resembles cytochrome P-450 reductase. Nature. 1991;351:714–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yui Y, Hattori R, Kosuga K, Eizawa H, Hiki K, Kawai C. Purification of nitric oxide synthase from rat macrophages. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:12544–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons CR, Orloff GJ, Cunningham JM. Molecular cloning and functional expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase from a murine macrophage cell line. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:6370–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock JS, Fostermann U, Mitchell JA, Warner TD, Schmidt HH, Nakane M, . Purification and characterization of particulate endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase from cultured and native bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88:10480–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sessa WC, Harrison JK, Barber CM, Zeng D, Durieux ME, D'Angelo DD, . Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:15274–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kone BC, Kuncewicz T, Zhang W, Yu ZY. Protein interactions with nitric oxide synthases: controlling the right time, the right place, and the right amount of nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003;285:F178–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales C, Barosso C, Martin C, Gulbenkian S, Estrada C. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation by vasoactive intestinal peptide in bovine cerebral arteries. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997;17:977–84.
   Google Scholar
• Papapetropoulos A, Desai KM, Rudic RD, Mayer B, Zhang R, Ruiz-Torres MP, . Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuate transforming-growth-factor-beta1-stimulated capillary organization in vitro. Am J Pathol. 1997;150:1835–44.
   Google Scholar
• Boulanger CM, Heymes C, Benessiano J, Geske RS, Levy BI, Vanhoutte PM. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is expressed in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: activation by angiotensin II in hypertension. Circ Res. 1998;83:1271–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papapetropoulos A, Rudic RD, Sessa WC. Molecular control of nitric oxide synthases in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res. 1999;43:509–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balligand JL, Kelly RA, Marsden PA, Smith TW, Michel T. Control of cardiac muscle cell function by an endogenous nitric oxide signalling system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:347–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sase K, Michel T. Expression of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human blood platelets. Life Sci. 1995;57:2049–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matouk CC, Marsden PA. Epigenetic regulation of vascular endothelial gene expression. Circ Res. 2008;102:873–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt DS, Snyder SH. Nitric oxide: a physiological messenger molecule. Annu Rev Biochem. 1994;63:175–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrew PJ, Mayer B. Enzymatic function of nitric oxide synthases. Cardiovasc Res. 1999;43:521–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groenendijk BC, Van der Heiden K, Hierck BP, Poelmann RE. The role of shear stress on ET-1, KLF2, and NOS-3 expression in the developing cardiovascular system of chicken embryos in a venous ligation model. Physiology (Bethesda). 2007;22:380–9.
   Google Scholar
• Balligand JL, Feron O, Dessy C. eNOS activation by physical forces: from short-term regulation of contraction to chronic remodeling of cardiovascular tissues. Physiol Rev. 2009;89:481–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimbrone MA. The Gordon Wilson lecture: Understanding vascular endothelium: a pilgrim's progress: endothelial dysfunction, biomechanical forces and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2010;121: 115–27.
   Google Scholar
• Glozak MA, Sengupta N, Zhang X, Seto E. Acetylation and deacetylation of non-histone proteins. Gene. 2005;363: 15–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudzinski DM, Michel T. Life history of eNOS: partners and pathways. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;75:247–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oess S, Icking A, Fulton D, Govers R, Müller-Esterl W. Subcellular targeting and trafficking of nitric oxide synthases. Biochem J. 2006;396:401–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gryglewski RJ, Palmer RM, Moncada S. Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. Nature. 1986;320:454–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubanyi GM, Vanhoutte PM. Superoxide anions and hyperoxia inactivate endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s). Am J Physiol. 1986;250:H822–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wennmalm A, Benthin G, Edlund A, Jungersten L, Kieler-Jensen N, Lundin S, . Metabolism and excretion of nitric oxide in humans. An experimental and clinical study. Circ Res. 1993;73:1121–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima B, Forrester MT, Hess DT, Stamler JS. S-nitrosylation in cardiovascular signaling. Circ Res. 2010; 106:633–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller B, Kleschyov AL, Alencar JL, Vanin A, Stoclet JC. Nitric oxide transport and storage in the cardiovascular system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002;962:131–9.
   Google Scholar
• Lauer T, Preik M, Rassaf T, Strauer BE, Deussen A, Feelisch M, . Plasma nitrite rather than nitrate reflects regional endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity but lacks intrinsic vasodilator action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:12814–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiva S, Wang X, Ringwood LA, Xu X, Yuditskaya S, Annavajjhala V, . Ceruloplasmin is a NO oxidase and nitrite synthase that determines endocrine NO homeostasis. Nat Chem Biol. 2006;2:486–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Faassen EE, Bahrami S, Feelisch M, Hogg N, Kelm M, Kim-Shapiro DB, . Nitrite as regulator of hypoxic signaling in mammalian physiology. Med Res Rev. 2009;29:683–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu S, Azarova NA, Font MD, King SB, Hogg N, Gladwin MT, . Nitrite reductase activity of Cytochrome C. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:32590–7.
   Google Scholar
• Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. The functional nitrite reductase activity of the heme-globins. Blood. 2008;112: 2636–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapoport RM, Murad F. Agonist induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat thoracic aorta may be mediated though cyclic GMP. Circ Res. 1983;52:352–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann F, Feil R, Kleppisch T, Schlossmann J. Function of cGMP-dependent protein kinases as revealed by gene deletion. Physiol Rev. 2006;86:1–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trepakova ES, Cohen RA, Bolotina VM. Nitric oxide inhibits capacitative cation influx in human platelets by promoting sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase-dependent refilling of Ca2+ stores. Circ Res. 1999;84: 201–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen RA, Weisbrod RM, Gericke M, Yaghoubi M, Bierl C, Bolotina VM. Mechanism of nitric oxide-induced vasodilatation: refilling of intracellular stores by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase and inhibition of store-operated Ca2+ influx. Circ Res. 1999;84: 210–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adachi T, Weisbrod RM, Pimentel DR, Ying J, Sharov VS, Schöneich C, . S-Glutathiolation by peroxynitrite activates SERCA during arterial relaxation by nitric oxide. Nat Med. 2004;10:1200–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong X, Evangelista A, Cohen RA. Targeting the redox regulation of SERCA in vascular physiology and disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2010;10:133–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erusalimsky JD, Moncada S. Nitric oxide and mitochondrial signaling: from physiology to pathophysiology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:2524–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor CT, Moncada S. Nitric oxide, cytochrome C oxidase, and the cellular response to hypoxia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:643–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ignarro LJ. Heme-dependent activation of guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide: a novel signal transduction mechanism. Blood Vessels. 1991;28:67–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai EJ, Kass DA. Cyclic GMP signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;122:216–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rybalkin SD, Yan C, Bornfeldt KE, Beavo JA. Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases and regulation of smooth muscle function. Circ Res. 2003;93:280–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biel M, Zong X, Ludwig A, Sautter A, Hofmann F. Structure and function of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1999;135:151–71.
   Google Scholar
• Xia Y, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Snyder SH, Zweier JL. Nitric oxide synthase generates superoxide and nitric oxide in arginine-depleted cells leading to peroxynitrite-mediated cellular injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93: 6770–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Förstermann U, Münzel T. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: from marvel to menace. Circulation. 2006;113:1708–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin-Dusting JP, Willems L, Kaye DM. L-arginine transporters in cardiovascular disease: a novel therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther. 2007;116:428–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palm F, Onozato ML, Luo Z, Wilcox CS. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH): expression, regulation, and function in the cardiovascular and renal systems. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007;293:H3227–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durante W, Johnson FK, Johnson RA. Arginase: a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;34:906–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryoo S, Gupta G, Benjo A, Lim HK, Camara A, Sikka G, . Endothelial arginase II: a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2008;102:923–32.
   Google Scholar
• Schulz E, Jansen T, Wenzel P, Daiber A, Münzel T. Nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008;10:1115–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasquez-Vivar J, Kalyanaraman B, Martasek P. The role of tetrahydrobiopterin in superoxide generation from eNOS: enzymology and physiological implications. Free Radical Res. 2003;37:121–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moens AL, Kass DA. Tetrahydrobiopterin and cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26: 2439–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt TS, Alp NJ. Mechanisms for the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in endothelial function and vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007;113:47–63.
   Google Scholar
• Cayatte AJ, Palacino JJ, Horten K, Cohen RA. Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide production accelerates neointima formation and impairs endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:753–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kauser K, da Cunha V, Fitch R, Mallari C, Rubanyi GM. Role of endogenous nitric oxide in progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000;278:H1679–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Kuhlencordt PJ, Astern J, Gyurko R, Huang PL. Hypertension does not account for the accelerated atherosclerosis and development of aneurysms in male apolipoprotein e/endothelial nitric oxide synthase double knockout mice. Circulation. 2001;104:2391–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhlencordt PJ, Gyurko R, Han F, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Aretz TH, Hajjar R, . Accelerated atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm formation, and ischemic heart disease in apolipoprotein E/endothelial nitric oxide synthase double-knockout mice. Circulation. 2001;104:448–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaki M, Kawashima S, Yamashita T, Hirase T, Namiki M, Inoue N, . Overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase accelerates atherosclerotic lesion formation in apoE-deficient mice. J Clin Invest. 2002;110:331–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlfart P, Xu H, Endlich A, Habermeier A, Closs EI, Hübschle T, . Antiatherosclerotic effects of small-molecular-weight compounds enhancing endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008;325:370–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen-Banerjee S, Mir S, Lin Z, Hamik A, Atkins GB, Das H, . Kruppel-like factor 2 as a novel mediator of statin effects in endothelial cells. Circulation. 2005;112:720–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracia-Sancho J, Villarreal G Jr, Zhang Y, García-Cardeña G. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol induces KLF2 expression conferring an endothelial vasoprotective phenotype. Cardiovasc Res. 2010;85:514–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukreja RC, Xi L. eNOS phosphorylation: a pivotal molecular switch in vasodilation and cardioprotection? J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007;42:280–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisslthaler B, Fleming I. Activation and signaling by the AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells. Circ Res. 2009;105:114–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong AK, Howie J, Petrie JR, Lang CC. AMP-activated protein kinase pathway: a potential therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;116:607–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao YS, Nagao T, Bond RA, Janssens WJ, Vanhoutte PM. Nebivolol induces endothelium-dependent relaxations of canine coronary arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991; 17:964–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Münzel T, Gori T. Nebivolol: the somewhat-different beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54: 1491–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilaine JP, Biondi ML, Villeneuve N, Feletou M, Peglion JL, Vanhoutte PM. The calcium channel antagonist S 11568 causes endothelium-dependent relaxation in canine arteries. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991;197:41–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Hintze TH. Amlodipine releases nitric oxide from canine coronary microvessels: an unexpected mechanism of action of a calcium channel-blocking agent. Circulation. 1998;97:576–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhein S, Salameh A, Berkels R, Klaus W. Dual mode of action of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists: a role for nitric oxide. Drugs. 1999;58:397–404.
   Google Scholar
• Félétou M, Teisseire B. Converting enzyme inhibition in isolated porcine resistance artery potentiates bradykinin relaxation. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990;190:159–66.
   Google Scholar
• Mombouli JV, Illiano S, Nagao T, Vanhoutte PM. The potentiation of bradykinin-induced relaxations by perindoprilat in canine coronary arteries involves both nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Circ Res. 1992;71:137–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enseleit F, Hurlimann D, Luscher TF. Vascular protective effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and their relation to clinical events. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001;37:S21–30.
   Google Scholar
• Benzing T, Fleming I, Blaukat A, Müller-Esterl W, Busse R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramiprilat interferes with the sequestration of the B2 kinin receptor within the plasma membrane of native endothelial cells. Circulation. 1999;99:2034–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mombouli JV, Ballard KD, Vanhoutte PM. Kininase-independent potentiation of endothelium-dependent relaxations to kinins by converting enzyme inhibitor perindoprilat. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002;23:203–7.
   Google Scholar
• Liu YH, Yang XP, Sharov VG, Nass O, Sabbah HN, Peterson E, . Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type I receptor antagonists in rats with heart failure. Role of kinins and angiotentensin II type 2 receptors. J Clin Invest. 1997;99:1926–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katada J, Majima M. AT(2) receptor-dependent vasodilation is mediated by activation of vascular kinin generation under flow conditions. Br J Pharmacol. 2002;136:484–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batenburg WW, Garrelds IM, Bernasconi CC, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, van Kats JP, Saxena PR, . Angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated vasodilation in human coronary microarteries. Circulation. 2004;109:2296–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Wallerath T, Münzel T, Förstermann U. Regulation of endothelial-type NO synthase expression in pathophysiology and in response to drugs. Nitric Oxide. 2002;7: 149–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thai H, Wollmuth J, Goldman S, Gaballa M. Angiotensin subtype 1 rReceptor (AT1) blockade improves vasorelaxation in heart failure by up-regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase via activation of the AT2 receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;307:1171–8.
   Google Scholar
• Imanishi T, Tsujioka H, Ikejima H, Kuroi A, Takarada S, Kitabata H, . Renin inhibitor aliskiren improves impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and protects against atherosclerotic changes. Hypertension. 2008;52:563–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong YF, Liu L, Kataoka K, Nakamura T, Fukuda M, Tokutomi Y, . Aliskiren prevents cardiovascular complications and pancreatic injury in a mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2010;53:180–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu S, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species and vascular remodelling in hypertension: still alive. Can J Cardiol. 2006;22:947–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedeek M, Hébert RL, Kennedy CR, Burns KD, Touyz RM. Molecular mechanisms of hypertension: role of Nox family NADPH oxidases. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2009;18:122–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechanova O, Simko F. Chronic antioxidant therapy fails to ameliorate hypertension: potential mechanisms behind. J Hypertens. 2009;27 Suppl 6:S32–36.
   Google Scholar
• Simonsen U, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Dalsgaard T, Buus NH, Stankevicius E. Novel approaches to improving endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61:105–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedard K, Krause KH. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:245–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassègue B, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species in hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2004;17:852–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landmesser U, Cai H, Dikalov S, McCann L, Hwang J, Jo H, . Role of p47(phox) in vascular oxidative stress and hypertension caused by angiotensin II. Hypertension. 2002;40:511–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taddei S, Salvetti A. Endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension: clinical implications. J Hypertens. 2002;20: 1671–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman AG, Moncada S. Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide donors in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1945–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman A, Zeiher AM. Endothelial function: cardiac events. Circulation. 2005;111:363–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spieker LE, Flammer AJ, Lüscher TF. The vascular endothelium in hypertension. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2006;(176 Pt 2):249–83.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer B, Beretta M. The enigma of nitroglycerin bioactivation and nitrate tolerance: news, views and troubles. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;155:170–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megson IL, Webb DJ. Nitric oxide donor drugs: current status and future trends. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2002;11:587–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martelli A, Breschi MC, Calderone V. Pharmacodynamic hybrids coupling established cardiovascular mechanisms of action with additional nitric oxide releasing properties. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15:614–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwanaga Y, Gu Y, Dieterle T, Presotto C, Del Soldato P, Peterson KL, . A nitric oxide-releasing derivative of enalapril, NCX 899, prevents progressive cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in hamsters with heart failure. FASEB J. 2004;18:587–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuyama CE, Mendes GD, Faro R, Rezende VM, Lagos RM, Astigarraga RE, . Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a nitric oxide-releasing derivative of enalapril in male beagles. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007;34:290–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evgenov OV, Pacher P, Schmidt PM, Haskó G, Schmidt HH, Stasch JP. NO-independent stimulators and activators of soluble guanylate cyclase: discovery and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5:755–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurice DH, Palmer D, Tilley DG, Dunkerley HA, Netherton SJ, Raymond DR, . Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, expression, and targeting in cells of the cardiovascular system. Mol Pharmacol. 2003;64:533–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas KA, Pitari GM, Kazerounian S, Ruiz-Stewart I, Park J, Schulz S, . Guanylyl cyclases and signaling by cyclic GMP. Pharmacol Rev. 2000;52:375–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garthwaite J, Southam E, Boulton CL, Nielsen EB, Schmidt K, Mayer B. Potent and selective inhibition of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one. Mol Pharmacol. 1995; 48:184–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stasch JP, Hobbs AJ. NO-independent, haem-dependent soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;191:277–308.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stasch JP, Schmidt PM, Nedvetsky PI, Nedvetskaya TY, Arun Kumar HS, Meurer S, . Targeting the heme-oxidized nitric oxide receptor for selective vasodilatation of diseased blood vessels. J Clin Invest. 2006;116: 2552–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt HH, Schmidt PM, Stasch JP. NO- and haem-independent soluble guanylate cyclase activators. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;191:309–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kass DA, Champion HC, Beavo JA. Phosphodiesterase type 5: expanding roles in cardiovascular regulation. Circ Res. 2007;101:1084–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaccolo M, Movsesian MA. cAMP and cGMP signaling cross-talk: role of phosphodiesterases and implications for cardiac pathophysiology. Circ Res. 2007;100:1569–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boswell-Smith V, Spina D, Page CP. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol. 2006;147 Suppl 1:S252–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass DA, Takimoto E, Nagayama T, Champion HC. Phosphodiesterase regulation of nitric oxide signaling. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;75:303–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghiadoni L, Versari D, Taddei S. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition in essential hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2008;10:52–7.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards G, Feletou M, Weston AH. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factors and associated pathways: a synopsis. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459:863–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feletou M, Köhler R, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-derived vasoactive factors and hypertension: possible roles in pathogenesis and as treatment targets. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010;12:267–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell WB, Fleming I. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and endothelium-dependent responses. Pflugers Arch. 2010; 59:881–95.
   Google Scholar
• Chawengsub Y, Gauthier KM, Campbell WB. Role of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase metabolites in the regulation of vascular tone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009; 297:H495–507.
   Google Scholar
• Shimokawa H, Morikawa K. Hydrogen peroxide is an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in animals and humans. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005;39:725–32.
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan SD, Nilsson H, Ahluwalia A, Hobbs AJ. Release of C-type natriuretic peptide accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:1426–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards G, Dora KA, Gardener MJ, Garland CJ, Weston AH. K+ is an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in rat arteries. Nature. 1998;396:269–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolotina VM, Najibi S, Palacino JJ, Pagano PJ, Cohen RA. Nitric oxide directly activates calcium-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Nature. 1994;368:850–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang G, Wu L, Jiang B, Yang W, Qi J, Cao K, . H2S as a physiologic vasorelaxant: hypertension in mice with deletion of cystathionine gamma-lyase. Science. 2008;322: 587–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feletou M, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor: where are we now? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1215–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith TM. Endothelium-dependent smooth muscle hyperpolarization: do gap junctions provide a unifying hypothesis? Br J Pharmacol. 2004;141:881–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koeppen M, Feil R, Siegl D, Feil S, Hofmann F, Pohl U, . cGMP-dependent protein kinase mediates NO- but not acetylcholine-induced dilations in resistance vessels in vivo. Hypertension. 2004;44:952–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagao T, Illiano S, Vanhoutte PM. Heterogeneous distribution of endothelium-dependent relaxations resistant to NG-nitro-L-arginine in rats. Am J Physiol. 1992;263: H1090–4.
   Google Scholar
• Shimokawa H, Yasutake H, Fujii K, Owada MK, Nakaike R, Fukumoto Y, . The importance of the hyperpolarizing mechanism increases as the vessel size decreases in endothelium-dependent relaxations in rat mesenteric circulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1996;28:703–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grgic I, Kaistha BP, Hoyer J, Köhler R. Endothelial Ca2+ -activated K+ channels in normal and impaired EDHF-dilator responses—relevance to cardiovascular pathologies and drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;157: 509–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisslthaler B, Popp R, Kiss L, Potente M, Harder DR, Fleming I, . Cytochrome P450 2C is an EDHF synthase in coronary arteries. Nature. 1999;401:493–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier KM, Edwards EM, Falck JR, Reddy DS, Campbell WB. 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid represents a transferable endothelium-dependent relaxing factor in bovine coronary arteries. Hypertension. 2005;45:666–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taddei S, Versari D, Cipriano A, Ghiadoni L, Galetta F, Franzoni F, . Identification of a cytochrome P450 2C9-derived endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in essential hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48:508–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lenasi H. The role of nitric oxide- and prostacyclin-independent vasodilatation in the human cutaneous microcirculation: effect of cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibition. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2009;29:263–70.
   Google Scholar
• Virdis A, Cetani F, Giannarelli C, Banti C, Ghiadoni L, Ambrogini E, . The sulfaphenazole-sensitive pathway acts as a compensatory mechanism for impaired nitric oxide availability in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Effect of surgical treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:920–7.
   Google Scholar
• Sinal CJ, Miyata M, Tohkin M, Nagata K, Bend JR, Gonzalez FJ. Targeted disruption of soluble epoxide hydrolase reveals a role in blood pressure regulation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:40504–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CR, Imig JD, Edin ML, Foley J, DeGraff LM, Bradbury JA, . Endothelial expression of human cytochrome P450 epoxygenases lowers blood pressure and attenuates hypertension-induced renal injury in mice. FASEB J. 2010;24:3770–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiamvimonvat N, Ho CM, Tsai HJ, Hammock BD. The soluble epoxide hydrolase as a pharmaceutical target for hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007;50:225–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hercule HC, Schunck WH, Gross V, Seringer J, Leung FP, Weldon SM, . Interaction between P450 eicosanoids and nitric oxide in the control of arterial tone in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:54–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose TE, Morisseau C, Liu JY, Inceoglu B, Jones PD, Sanborn JR, . 1-Aryl-3-(1-acylpiperidin-4-yl)urea inhibitors of human and murine soluble epoxide hydrolase: structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, and reduction of inflammatory pain. J Med Chem. 2010;53: 7067–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loot AE, Fleming I. Cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and pulmonary hypertension: central role of transient receptor potential (TRP) C6 channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2011;57:140–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revermann M, Barbosa-Sicard E, Dony E, Schermuly RT, Morisseau C, Geisslinger G, . Inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Hypertens. 2009;27: 322–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulu A, Davis BB, Tsai HJ, Kim IH, Morisseau C, Inceoglu B, . Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors reduce the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e-knockout mouse model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008;52:314–23.
   Google Scholar
• Wang YX, Ulu A, Zhang LN, Hammock B. Soluble epoxide hydrolase in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2010; 12:174–83.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang LN, Vincelette J, Cheng Y, Mehra U, Chen D, Anandan SK, . Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuated atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm formation, and dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1265–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpkins AN, Rudic RD, Schreihofer DA, Roy S, Manhiani M, Tsai HJ, . Soluble epoxide inhibition is protective against cerebral ischemia via vascular and neural protection. Am J Pathol. 2009;174:2086–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Otsuka T, Sugo N, Ardeshiri A, Alhadid YK, Iliff JJ, . Soluble epoxide hydrolase gene deletion is protective against experimental cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 2008;39:2073–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monti J, Fischer J, Paskas S, Heinig M, Schulz H, Gosele C, . Soluble epoxide hydrolase is a susceptibility factor for heart failure in a rat model of human disease. Nat Genet. 2008;40:529–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motoki A, Merkel MJ, Packwood WH, Cao Z, Liu L, Iliff J, . Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition and gene deletion are protective against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;295: H2128–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo P, Chang HH, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, . Inhibition or deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevents hyperglycemia, promotes insulin secretion, and reduces islet apoptosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010; 334:430–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revermann M, Schloss M, Barbosa-Sicard E, Mieth A, Liebner S, Morisseau C, . Soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency attenuates neointima formation in the femoral cuff model of hyperlipidemic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:909–14.
   Google Scholar
• Simpkins AN, Rudic RD, Roy S, Tsai HJ, Hammock BD, Imig JD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition modulates vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;298:H795–806.
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhary KR, Abukhashim M, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Seubert JM. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase by trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid is protective against ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2010;55:67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manhiani M, Quigley JE, Knight SF, Tasoobshirazi S, Moore T, Brands MW, . Soluble epoxide hydrolase gene deletion attenuates renal injury and inflammation with DOCA-salt hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009;297:F740–8.
   Google Scholar
• Jung O, Jansen F, Mieth A, Barbosa-Sicard E, Pliquett RU, Babelova A, . Inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase promotes albuminuria in mice with progressive renal disease. PLoS One. 2010;5:e11979.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu JY, Yang J, Inceoglu B, Qiu H, Ulu A, Hwang SH, . Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin and 5-lipoxygenase activation protein inhibitor in a murine model. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010;79:880–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier KM, Chawengsub Y, Goldman DH, Conrow RE, Anjaiah S, Falck JR, . 11®,12(S),15(S)-trihydroxyeicosa-5(Z),8(Z),13(E)-trienoic acid: an endothelium-derived 15-lipoxygenase metabolite that relaxes rabbit aorta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294:H1467–72.
   Google Scholar
• Aggarwal NT, Chawengsub Y, Gauthier KM, Viita H, Yla-Herttuala S, Campbell WB. Endothelial 15-lipoxygenase-1 overexpression increases acetylcholine-induced hypotension and vasorelaxation in rabbits. Hypertension. 2008; 51:246–51.
   Google Scholar
• Pearson T, Zhang J, Arya P, Warren AY, Ortori C, Fakis A, . Measurement of vasoactive metabolites (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids) in uterine tissues of normal and compromised human pregnancy. J Hypertens. 2010;28:2429–37.
   Google Scholar
• Wölfle SE, Schmidt VJ, Hoyer J, Köhler R, de Wit C. Prominent role of KCa3.1 in endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type dilations and conducted responses in the microcirculation in vivo. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;82: 476–83.
   Google Scholar
• Brähler S, Kaistha A, Schmidt VJ, Wolfle SE, Busch C, Kaistha BP, . Genetic deficit of SK3 and IK1 channels disrupts the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor vasodilator pathway and causes hypertension. Circulation. 2009;119:2323–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zygmunt PM, Hogestatt ED. Role of potassium channels in endothelium-dependent relaxation resistant to nitroarginine in the rat hepatic artery. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;117:1600–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dora KA, Gallagher NT, McNeish A, Garland CJ. Modulation of endothelial cell KCa3.1 channels during endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor signaling in mesenteric resistance arteries. Circ Res. 2008;102: 1247–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledoux J, Taylor MS, Bonev AD, Hannah RM, Solodushko V, Shui B, . Functional architecture of inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate signaling in restricted spaces of myoendothelial projections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105:9627–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher MA, Rivard AF, Bachinger HP, Adelman JP. Structure of the gating domain of a Ca2+ -activated K + channel complexed with Ca2 + /calmodulin. Nature. 2001;410:1120–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liedtke W, Kim C. Functionality of the TRPV subfamily of TRP ion channels: add mechano-TRP and osmo-TRP to the lexicon! Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005;62:2985–3001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharif-Naeini R, Dedman A, Folgering JH, Duprat F, Patel A, Nilius B, . TRP channels and mechanosensory transduction: insights into the arterial myogenic response. Pflugers Arch. 2008;456:529–40.
   Google Scholar
• Hartmannsgruber V, Heyken WT, Kacik M, Kaistha A, Grgic I, Harteneck C, . Arterial response to shear stress critically depends on endothelial TRPV4 expression. PLoS One. 2007;2:e827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang DX, Gutterman DD. TRP channel activation and endothelium-dependent dilation in the systemic circulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2011;57:133–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milkau M, Köhler R, de Wit C. Crucial importance of the endothelial K + channel SK3 and connexin40 in arteriolar dilations during skeletal muscle contraction. FASEB J. 2010;24:3572–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köhler R, Ruth P. Endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure alterations in K + -channel transgenic mice. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459:969–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor MS, Bonev AD, Gross TP, Eckman DM, Brayden JE, Bond CT, . Altered expression of small-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (SK3) channels modulates arterial tone and blood pressure. Circ Res. 2003;93:124–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng J, Liu Y, Clements RT, Sodha NR, Khabbaz KR, Senthilnathan V, . Calcium-activated potassium channels contribute to human coronary microvascular dysfunction after cardioplegic arrest. Circulation. 2008;118:S46–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Sellke EW, Feng J, Clements RT, Sodha NR, Khabbaz KR, . Calcium-activated potassium channels contribute to human skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial dysfunction related to cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgery. 2008;144:239–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luksha L, Luksha N, Kublickas M, Nisell H, Kublickiene K. Diverse mechanisms of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated dilatation in small myometrial arteries in normal human pregnancy and preeclampsia. Biol Reprod. 2010;83:728–35.
   Google Scholar
• Feletou M. Calcium-activated potassium channels and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic options? Br J Pharmacol. 2009;156:545–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weston AH, Porter EL, Harno E, Edwards G. Impairment of endothelial SK(Ca) channels and of downstream hyperpolarizing pathways in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160: 836–43.
   Google Scholar
• Giachini FR, Carneiro FS, Lima VV, Carneiro ZN, Dorrance A, Webb RC, . Upregulation of intermediate calcium-activated potassium channels counterbalance the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Transl Res. 2009; 154:183–93.
   Google Scholar
• Brondum E, Kold-Petersen H, Simonsen U, Aalkjaer C. NS309 restores EDHF-type relaxation in mesenteric small arteries from type 2 diabetic ZDF rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;159:154–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasenau AL, Nielsen G, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Wulff H, Köhler R. Improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilations by SKA-31 and SKA-20, activators of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2 + -activated K + -channels. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2011 Mar 1 (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Köhler R, Kaistha BP, Wulff H. Vascular KCa-channels as therapeutic targets in hypertension and restenosis disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2010;14:143–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sankaranarayanan A, Raman G, Busch C, Schultz T, Zimin PI, Hoyer J, . Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), a new activator of KCa2 and KCa3.1 potassium channels, potentiates the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor response and lowers blood pressure. Mol Pharmacol. 2009;75:281–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel FS, Man GS, Man RY, Vanhoutte PM. Hypertension and the absence of EDHF-mediated responses favour endothelium-dependent contractions in renal arteries of the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;155:217–26.
   Google Scholar
• Olmos L, Mombouli JV, Illiano S, Vanhoutte PM. cGMP mediates the desensitization to bradykinin in isolated canine coronary arteries. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:H865–70.
   Google Scholar
• Thollon C, Fournet-Bourguignon MP, Saboureau D, Lesage L, Reure H, Vanhoutte PM, . Consequences of reduced production of NO on vascular reactivity of porcine coronary arteries after angioplasty: importance of EDHF. Br J Pharmacol. 2002;136:1153–61.
   Google Scholar
• Brandes RP, Schmitz-Winnenthal FH, Feletou M, Godecke A, Huang PL, Vanhoutte PM, . An endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor distinct from NO and prostacyclin is a major endothelium-dependent vasodilator in resistance vessels of wild-type and endothelial NO synthase knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:9747–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe H, Vriens J, Prenen J, Droogmans G, Voets T, Nilius B. Anandamide and arachidonic acid use epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to activate TRPV4 channels. Nature. 2003;424:434–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalsgaard T, Kroigaard C, Misfeldt M, Bek T, Simonsen U. Openers of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels selectively enhance NO-mediated bradykinin vasodilatation in porcine retinal arterioles. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160:1496–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt K, Dubrovska G, Nielsen G, Fesüs G, Uhrenholt TR, Hansen PB, . Amplification of EDHF-type vasodilatations in TRPC1-deficient mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;161:1722–33.
   Google Scholar
• Sheng JZ, Ella S, Davis MJ, Hill MA, Braun AP. Openers of SKCa and IKCa channels enhance agonist-evoked endothelial nitric oxide synthesis and arteriolar vasodilation. FASEB J. 2009;23:1138–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe TY, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, . A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 1988;332:411–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schini VB, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelin-1: A potent vasoactive peptide. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1991;69:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Rubanyi GM, Polokoff MA. Endothelins: molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology and pathophysiology. Pharmacol Rev. 1994;6:325–415.
   Google Scholar
• Nava E, Lüscher TF. Endothelium-derived vasoactive factors in hypertension: nitric oxide and endothelin. J Hypertens Suppl. 1995;13:S39–48.
   Google Scholar
• Schiffrin EL. Endothelin and endothelin antagonists in hypertension. J Hypertension. 1998;1891–5.
   Google Scholar
• Miyauchi T, Masaki T. Pathophysiology of endothelin in the cardiovascular system. Annu Rev Physiol. 1999;61: 391–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iglarz M, Clozel M. Mechanisms of ET-1-induced endothelial dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007;50:621–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisanuki YY, Emoto N, Ohuchi T, Widyantoro B, Yagi K, Nakayama K, . Low blood pressure in endothelial cell-specific endothelin 1 knockout mice. Hypertension. 2010;56:121–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanhoutte PM. Is endothelin involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension? Hypertension. 1993;21:747–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goel A, Su B, Flavahan S, Lowenstein CJ, Berkowitz DE, Flavahan NA. Increased endothelial exocytosis and generation of endothelin-1 contributes to constriction of aged arteries. Circ Res. 2010;107:242–51.
   Google Scholar
• de Andrade CR, Leite PF, Montezano AC, Casolari DA, Yogi A, Tostes RC, . Increased endothelin-1 reactivity and endothelial dysfunction in carotid arteries from rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. Br J Pharmacol. 2009; 157:568–80.
   Google Scholar
• Raja SG. Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension: an overview. Cardiovasc Ther. 2010;28:e65–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffrin EL. Endothelin: role in experimental hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;35:S33–5.
   Google Scholar
• Boulanger C, Lüscher TF. Release of endothelium from the porcine aorta: inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. J Clin Invest. 1990;85:587–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lüscher TF, Boulanger CM, Yang Z, Dohi Y. Interaction between endothelin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s). Rubanyi GM. Endothelin. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Goligorsky MS, Tsukahara H, Magazine H, Andersen TT, Malik AB, Bahou WF. Termination of endothelin signaling: role of nitric oxide. J Cell Physiol. 1994;158:485–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller VM, Komori K, Burnett JC Jr, Vanhoutte PM. Differential sensitivity to endothelin in canine arteries and veins. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:H1127–31.
   Google Scholar
• Chen Y, McCarron RM, Golech S, Bembry J, Ford B, Lenz FA, . ET-1- and NO-mediated signal transduction pathway in human brain capillary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003;284:C243–9.
   Google Scholar
• Deuchar GA, Docherty A, MacLean MR, Hicks MN. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular dysfunction: the role of nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in the control of pulmonary vascular tone. Br J Pharmacol. 2002; 135:1060–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto T, Ishida K, Nakayama N, Kobayashi T, Kamata K. Involvement of NO and MEK/ERK pathway in enhancement of endothelin-1-induced mesenteric artery contraction in later-stage type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;296:H1388–97.
   Google Scholar
• Flavahan NA, Vanhoutte PM. G-proteins and endothelial responses. Blood Vessels. 1990;27:218–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flavahan NA, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial cell signaling and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8: S28–41.
   Google Scholar
• Schini VB, Kim ND, Vanhoutte PM. The basal and stimulated release of EDRF inhibits the contractions evoked by endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in aortae of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991;17:S266–70.
   Google Scholar
• Bagnall AJ, Kelland NF, Gulliver-Sloan F, Davenport AP, Gray GA, Yanagisawa M, . Deletion of endothelial cell endothelin B receptors does not affect blood pressure or sensitivity to salt. Hypertension. 2006;48:286–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagnall A, Webb D, Kotelevtsev Y. A transgenic strategy for analysis of the function of the endothelin-B-receptor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;36(5 Suppl 1):S90–2.
   Google Scholar
• Tykocki NR, Gariepy CE, Watts SW. Endothelin ET(B) receptors in arteries and veins: multiple actions in the vein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;329:875–81.
   Google Scholar
• Tian J, Wong WT, Tian XY, Zhang P, Huang Y, Wang N. Rosiglitazone attenuates endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction by upregulating endothelial expression of endothelin B receptor. Hypertension. 2010;56:129–35.
   Google Scholar
• Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Sudano I, Notari M, Salvetti A. Vasoconstriction to endogenous endothelin-1 is increased in the peripheral circulation of patients with essential hypertension. Circulation. 1999;100:1680–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhoutte PM, Félétou M, Taddei S. Endothelium-dependent contractions in hypertension. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;144:449–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhoutte PM, Tang EHC. Endothelium-dependent contractions: when a good guy turns bad! J Physiol. 2008;586.22:5295–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Félétou M, Huang Y, Vanhoutte PM. Vasoconstrictor prostanoids. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459:941–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong MSK, Vanhoutte PM. COX-mediated endothelium-dependent contractions: from the past to recent discoveries. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2010;31:1095–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge T, Hughes H, Junquero DC, Wu KK, Vanhoutte PM, Boulanger CM. Endothelium-dependent contractions are associated with both augmented expression of prostaglandin H synthase-1 and hypersensitivity to prostaglandin H2 in the SHR aorta. Circ Res. 1995;76:1003–10.
   Google Scholar
• Gluais P, Lonchampt M, Morrow JD, Vanhoutte PM, Félétou M. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent contractions in the SHR aorta: the Janus face of prostacyclin. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;146:834–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluais P, Paysant J, Badier-Commander C, Verbeuren T, Vanhoutte PM, Félétou M. In SHR aorta, calcium ionophore A-23187 releases prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 as endothelium-derived contracting factors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291:H2255–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Varadharaj S, Zhao X, Parinandi N, Flavahan NA, Zweier JL. Acetylcholine causes endothelium-dependent contraction of mouse arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289:H1027–32.
   Google Scholar
• Tang EH, Leung FP, Huang Y, Félétou M, So KF, Man RY, . Calcium and reactive oxygen species increase in endothelial cells in response to releasers of endothelium-derived contracting factor. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;151: 15–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang EHC, Vanhoutte PM. Prostanoids and reactive oxygen species: team players in endothelium-dependent contractions. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;122:140–9.
   Google Scholar
• Auch-Schwelk W, Katusic ZS, Vanhoutte PM. Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists inhibit endothelium-dependent contractions. Hypertension. 1990;15:699–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Félétou M, Verbeuren TJ, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-dependent contractions in SHR: a tale of prostanoid TP and IP receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;156:563–74.
   Google Scholar
• Félétou M, Vanhoutte PM, Verbeuren TJ. The thromboxane/endoperoxide receptor (TP): the common villain. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2010;55:317–32.
   Google Scholar
• Taddei S, Vanhoutte PM. Role of endothelium in endothelin-evoked contractions in the rat aorta. Hypertension. 1993;21:9–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mombouli JV, Vanhoutte PM. Purinergic endothelium-dependent and independent contractions in rat aorta. Hypertension. 1993;22:577–83.
   Google Scholar
• Park S-J, Lee JL, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelin-1 releases endothelium-derived endoperoxides and thromboxane A2 in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium. Zhongguo Yao Lixue Bao. 1999;20:872–8.
   Google Scholar
• Desjardins F, Aubin MC, Carrier M, Perrault LP. Decrease of endothelin receptor subtype ETB and release of COX-derived products contribute to endothelial dysfunction of porcine epicardial coronary arteries in left ventricular hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005;45:499–508.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katusic ZS, Vanhoutte PM. Superoxide anion is an endothelium-derived contracting factor. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:H33–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino F, Sill JC, Katusic ZS. Role of superoxide anions in the mediation of endothelium-dependent contractions. Hypertension. 1994;23:229–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katusic ZS. Superoxide anion and endothelial regulation of arterial tone. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20:443–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Vanhoutte PM. Reactive oxygen-derived free radicals are key to the endothelial dysfunction of diabetes. J Diabetes. 2009;1:151–62.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen RA. Does EDCF contribute to diabetic endothelial cell dysfunction? Dialog Cardiovasc Med. 2002;7:225–31.
   Google Scholar
• Medow MS, Taneja I, Stewart JM. Cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase dependence of cutaneous reactive hyperemia in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007;293:H425–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Signori LU, da Silva AM, Plentz RD, Moreno H Jr, Irigoyen MC, Schaan BD. Reversal of postprandial endothelial dysfunction by cyclooxygenase inhibition in healthy volunteers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2009;54:90–3.
   Google Scholar
• Versari D, Daghini E, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Taddei S. Endothelium-dependent contractions and endothelial dysfunction in human hypertension. Br J Pharmacol. 2009; 157:527–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auch-Schwelk W, Katusic ZS, Vanhoutte PM. Nitric oxide inactivates endothelium-derived contracting factor in the rat aorta. Hypertension. 1992;19:442–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D, Gluais P, Zhang JN, Vanhoutte PM, Feletou M. Nitric oxide and inactivation of the endothelium-dependent contracting factors released by acetylcholine in SHR. J Cardiovasc Pharm. 2004;43:815–20.
   Google Scholar
• Tang EH, Félétou M, Huang Y, Man RY, Vanhoutte PM. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside cause long-term inhibition of EDCF-mediated contractions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289:H2434–40.
   Google Scholar
• Tran CT, Leiper JM, Vallance P. The DDAH/ADMA/NOS pathway. Atheroscler Suppl. 2003;4:33–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar