Rate of telomere shortening and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors: A longitudinal study in the 1934–44 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

References

• United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing 2013. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2013.pdf United Nations, New York 2013.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). Global brief for World Health Day 2012: Good health adds life to years. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70853/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2012.2_eng.pdf WHO Geneva 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Barnard ND, Bush AI, Ceccarelli A, Cooper J, de Jager CA, Erickson KI, et al. Dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(Suppl 2):S74–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell SP, Saraf A. Risk stratification in very old adults: how to best gauge risk as the basis of management choices for patients aged over 80. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;57:197–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imtiaz B, Tolppanen AM, Kivipelto M, Soininen H. Future directions in Alzheimer's disease from risk factors to prevention. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014;88:661–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson JG. Starting primary prevention earlier with statins. Am J Cardiol. 2014;114:1437–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP, Kimura M, Oelsner E, Cherkas LF, et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet. 2005;366:662–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S, Parks CG, DeRoo LA, Chen H, Taylor JA, Cawthon RM, et al. Obesity and weight gain in adulthood and telomere length. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:816–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner JP, Li S, Srinivasan SR, Chen W, Kimura M, Lu X, et al. Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere attrition. Circulation. 2005;111:2171–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demissie S, Levy D, Benjamin EJ, Cupples LA, Gardner JP, Herbert A, et al. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress, hypertension, and leukocyte telomere length in men from the Framingham Heart Study. Aging Cell. 2006;5:325–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick AL, Kronmal RA, Gardner JP, Psaty BM, Jenny NS, Tracy RP, et al. Leukocyte telomere length and cardiovascular disease in the cardiovascular health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165:14–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye S, Shaffer JA, Kang MS, Harlapur M, Muntner P, Epel E, et al. Relation between leukocyte telomere length and incident coronary heart disease events (from the 1995 Canadian Nova Scotia Health Survey). Am J Cardiol. 2013;111:962–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Révész D, Milaneschi Y, Verhoeven JE, Penninx BW. Telomere length as a marker of cellular aging is associated with prevalence and progression of metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:4607–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masi S, D’Aiuto F, Martin-Ruiz C, Kahn T, Wong A, Ghosh AK, et al. Rate of telomere shortening and cardiovascular damage: a longitudinal study in the 1946 British Birth Cohort. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:3296–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetin DC, Nasr G. Obesity in the elderly: more complicated than you think. Cleve Clin J Med. 2014;81:51–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman IM. Obesity paradox during aging. Interdiscip Top Gerontol. 2010;37:20–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rantanen KK, Strandberg TE, Stenholm SS, Strandberg AY, Pitkälä KH, Salomaa VV, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of active and healthy aging (AHA) in octogenarian men. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015 Mar 1. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Barker DJP, Osmond C, Forsen TJ, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. New Engl J Med. 2005;353:1802–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ylihärsilä H, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Forsén T, Eriksson JG. Body mass index during childhood and adult body composition in men and women aged 56 to 70 years. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1769–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson RS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge Clin Chem. 1972;18:499–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cawthon RM. Telomere measurement by quantitative PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30:e47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajantie E, Pietiläinen KH, Wehkalampi K, Kananen L, Räikkönen K, Rissanen A, et al.No association between body size at birth and leucocyte telomere length in adult life—evidence from three cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:1400–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Callaghan N, Dhillon V, Thomas P, Fenech M. A quantitative real-time PCR method for absolute telomere length. Biotechniques. 2008; 44:807–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cawthon RM. Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37:e21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S, Yeh F, Lin J, Matsuguchi T, Blackburn E, Lee ET, et al. Short leukocyte telomere length is associated with obesity in American Indians: the Strong Heart Family study. Aging (Albany NY). 2014;6: 380–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Müezzinler A, Zaineddin AK, Brenner H. Body mass index and leukocyte telomere length in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2014;15:192–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivieri F, Recchioni R, Marcheselli F, Abbatecola AM, Santini G, Borghetti G, et al. Cellular senescence in cardiovascular diseases: potential age-related mechanisms and implications for treatment. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19:1710–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babizhayev MA, Savel'yeva EL, Moskvina SN, Yegorov YE. Telomere length is a biomarker of cumulative oxidative stress, biologic age, and an independent predictor of survival and therapeutic treatment requirement associated with smoking behavior. Am J Ther. 2011;18:e209–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Zglinicki T. Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends Biochem Sci. 2002;27:339–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Münzel T, Gori T, Bruno RM, Taddei S. Is oxidative stress a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease? Eur Heart J. 2010;31:2741–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masi S, Salpea KD, Li K, Parkar M, Nibali L, Donos N, et al. Oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and telomere length in patients with periodontitis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;50:730–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlenbach S, Willeit P, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Reindl M, Schanda K, et al. Influences on the reduction of relative telomere length over 10 years in the population-based Bruneck Study: introduction of a well-controlled high-throughput assay. Int J Epidemiol. 2009; 38:1725–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ornish D, Lin J, Chan JM, Epel E, Kemp C, Weidner G, et al. Effect of comprehensive lifestyle changes on telomerase activity and telomere length in men with biopsy-proven low-risk prostate cancer: 5-year follow-up of a descriptive pilot study. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14:1112–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar