408
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Psychosomatic medicine: state of the art

Pages 323-328 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Kaada B R. Somato-motor. autonomic and electrocorticographic responses to electrical stimulation of ‘rhinencephalic’ and other structures in primates, cat and dog. Acta Physiol Scand 1951; 24((Suppl 83))1–285
  • Miller N E. Learning of visceral and glandular responses. Science 1969; 163: 434–45
  • Karasek R A, Theorell T. Healthy work. Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. Basic Books, New York, NY 1990
  • Moruzzi G, Magoun H W. Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalograp Clin Neurophysiol 1949; 1: 455–73
  • Vanderwolf C H, Robinson T E. Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior. A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis. Behav Brain Sci 1981; 4: 459–514
  • Ursin H. Expectancy and activation: an attempt to systematize stress theory. Neurobiological approaches to human disease, D Hellhammer, I Florin, H Weiner. Huber, TorontoCanada 1988; 313–34
  • Levine S, Ursin H. What is stress. Stress. Neurobiology and neuroendocrinology, M R Brown, C Rivier, G Koob. NY Marcel Decker, New York 1991; 3–21
  • Toates F. Stress. Conceptual and biological aspects. Wiley, ChichesterUK 1995
  • McEwen B S. Stress, adaptation and disease: allostasis and allostatic load. N Engl J Med 1998; 840: 33–44
  • Olff M. Quantification of human defence mechanisms, G Godaert, H Ursin. Springer Verlag, BerlinGermany 1991
  • Eriksen H R, Ursin H. Subjective health complaints: is coping more important than control. Work Stress 1999; 13: 238–52
  • Overmier J B, Seligman M EP. Effect of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1967; 63: 28–33
  • Overmier J B. Psychological determinants of when stressors stress. Neurobiological approaches to human disease. Neuronal control of bodily function: Basic and clinical aspects. Vol. 2, D H Hellhammer, I Florin, H Weiner. Hans Huber Publishers, TorontoCanada 1988; 236–59
  • Eriksen H R, Olff M, Ursin H. The CODE: a revised battery for coping and defense and its relations to subjective health. Scand J Psychol 1997; 38: 175–82
  • Ursin H. Personality, activation and somatic health. A new psychosomatic theory. Coping and health, S Levine, H Ursin. NY Plenum Press, New York 1980; 259–79
  • Ursin H, Murison R. Biological and psychological basis of psychosomatic disease. Pergamon Press, OxfordUK 1983
  • Rose R M, Poe R O, Mason J W. Observations on the relationship between psychological state, 17-OHCS excretion, and epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, BEI, estrogen and androgen levels during basic training. Psychosom Med 1967; 29: 544
  • Psychobiology of stress. A study of coping men, H Ursin, E Baade, S Levine. NY Academic Press, New York 1978
  • Frankenhaeuser M, Lundberg U, Forsman L. Dissociation between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal responses to an achievement situation characterized by high controllability: comparison between Type A and Type B males and females. Biol Psychol 1980; 10: 79–91
  • Endresen I M, Relling G B, Tønder O, Myking O, Walther B T, Ursin H. Brief uncontrollable stress and psychological parameters influence human plasma concentrations of IgM and complement component C3. Behav Med 1991; 17: 167–76
  • Olff M, Brosschot J F, Godaert G, Benschop R J, Ballieux R E, Heijnen C J, et al. Modulatory effects of defense and coping on stress-induced changes in endocrine and immune parameters. Int J Behav Med 1995; 2: 85–103
  • Friedman M, Rosenman R H. Association of specific overt behaviour pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. JAMA 1959; 169: 1286–96
  • Glass D C. Stress, behavior patterns, and coronary disease. Am Scientist 1977; 65: 177–87
  • Knardahl S, Ursin H. Sustained activation and the pathophysiology of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Psychophysiology of cardiovascular control. Models, methods and data, J F Orlebeke, G Mulder, L JP van Doornen. Plenum Press, New York, NY 1985; 151–67
  • Eriksen H R, Olff M, Murison R, Ursin H. The time dimension in stress responses: relevance for survival and health. Psychiat Res 1999; 85: 39–50
  • Bohus B. Limbic-midbrain mechanisms and behavioral physiology of interactions with CRF, ACTH and adrenal hormones. Neurobiological approaches to human disease, D Hellhammer, I Florin, H Weiner. Hans Huber Publishers, TorontoCanada 1988; 267–85
  • Henry J P, Meehan J P. Psychosocial stimuli, physiological specificity, and cardiovascular disease. Brain, behaviour and bodily disease, H Weiner, M A Hofer, A J Stunkard. Raven Press, New York, NY 1981; 305–35
  • Anisman H, Zacharko R M. Depression: the predisposing influence of stress. Behav Brain Sci 1982; 5: 89–137
  • Yehuda R, Boisoneau D, Lowy M T, Giller E L. Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat 1996; 52: 583–93
  • LeDoux J E. Emotional memory systems in the brain. Behav Brain Res 1993; 58: 69–79
  • Sapolsky R, River C, Yamamoto G, Plotsky P, Vale W. Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor. Science 1987; 238: 522–4
  • Zorrilla E P, DeRubeis R J, Redei E. High self-esteem, hardiness and affective stability are associated with higher basal pituitary-adrenal hormone levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1995; 20: 591–601
  • Frankenhaeuser M, Lundberg U, Fredikson M, Melin B, Tuomisto M, Myrsten A L, et al. Stress on and off the job as related to sex and occupational status in white-collar workers. J Org Behav 1989; 10: 321–46
  • Sluiter J K, Van der Beek A J, Frings-Dresen M HW. Work stress and recovery measured by urinary catecholamines and cortisol excretion in long distance coach drivers. Occup Environ Med 1998; 55: 407–13
  • Sluiter J K, Van der Beek A J, Frings-Dresen M HW. The influence of work characteristics on the need for recovery and experienced health: a study on coach drivers. Ergonomics 1999; 42: 573–83
  • Schnall P L, Devereux R B, Pickering T G, Schwartz J E. The relationship between ‘job strain’, workplace diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index: a correction. JAMA 1992; 267: 1209
  • David D S. Study of hypertension in urban bus drivers questioned. 1. Hypoglycemic agents, intrinsic stress may be factors. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 599–600
  • Eriksen H R, Svendsrød R, Ursin G, Ursin H. Prevalence of subjective health complaints in the Nordic European countries in 1993. Eur J Public Health 1998; 294–8
  • Ursin H, Endresen I M, Svebak S, Tellnes G, Mykletun R. Muscle pain and coping with working life in Norway: a review. Work Stress 1993; 7: 247–58
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1994
  • Mikkelsen A, Saksvik P Ø, Eriksen H R, Ursin H. The impact of learning opportunities and decision authority on occupational health. Work Stress 1999; 13: 20–31
  • Coderre T J, Katz J. Peripheral and central hyperexcitability: differential signs and symptoms in persistent pain. Behav Brain Sci 1997; 20: 404–19, discussion 435–513. (Ursin H. Sensitization: a mechanism for somatization and subjective health complaints. Commentary to Coderre and Katz: p 469.)
  • Mearin F, de-Ribot X, Balboa A, Salas A, Varas M J, Cucala M, et al. Does Helicobacter pylori infection increase gastric sensitivity in functional dyspepsia. Gur 1995; 37: 47–51
  • Lembo T, Munakata J, Mertz H, Niazi N, Kodner A, Nikas V, et al. Evidence for the hypersensitivity of lumbar splanchnic afferents in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1686–96
  • Bell I R. White paper: neuropsychiatric aspects of sensitivity to low-level chemicals: a neural sensitization model. Toxicol Ind Health 1994; 10: 277–312
  • Bell I R, Markley E J, King D S, Asher S, Marby D, Kayne H, et al. Polysymptomatic syndromes and autonomic reactivity to nonfood stressors in individuals with self-reported adverse food reactions. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12: 227–38
  • Bell I R, Peterson J M, Schwartz G E. Medical histories and psychological profiles of middle-aged women with and without self-reported illness from environmental chemicals. J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56: 151–60
  • Nivison M E, Endresen I M. An analysis of relationships among environmental noise, annoyance and sensitivity to noise, and the consequences for health and sleep. J Behav Med 1993; 16: 257–76
  • Bell I R, Miller C S, Schwartz G E. An olfactory limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: possible relationships to kindling and affective spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 32: 218–42
  • Goddard G V. Development of epileptic seizures through brain stimulation of low intensity. Nature 1987; 214: 1020
  • Antelman S M. Time-dependent sensitization as the cornerstone for a new approach to pharmacotherapy: Drugs as foreign/stressful stimuli. Drug Devel Res 1988; 14: 130
  • Bliss T VP, Lømo T. Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J Physiol 1973; 232: 331–56
  • Jellestad F K, Follesø G S, Ursin H. The neurobiological foundation of exploration. Curiosity and exploration, H Keller, K Schneider, B Henderson. Springer, BerlinGermany 1991; 43–63
  • Schulkin J, McEwen B S, Gold P W. Allostasis, amygdala, and anticipatory angst. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1994; 18: 385–96
  • Pribor E F, Yutzy S H, Dean J T, Wetzel R D. Briquet's syndrome, dissociation, and abuse. Am J Psychiat 1993; 150: 1507–11
  • Mackenbach J P, Kunst A E, Cavelaars A EJM, Groenhof F, Geurts J JM. Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality in Western Europe. The EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health 1997. Lancet 1997; 349: 1655–9
  • Indahl A A, Velund L, Reikerås O. Good prognosis for low back pain when left untampered. A randomized clinical trial. Spine 1995; 20: 473–7

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.