References
- Tuttle J P. A treatise on the diseases of the anus. Rectum and pelvic colon. New York and London: Appelton 1903; 961
- Goligher J C. Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon5th ed. Baillière Tindall Limited, London, 248
- Ihre T, Seligson U. Intussusception of the rectum—internal procidentia. Dis Colon Rectum 1975; 18: 391–6
- Ihre T. Internal procidentia of the rectum—treatment and results. Scand J Gastroenterol 1972; 7: 643–6
- Kuhn R J, Hollyock V E. Observations of the anatomy of the rectovaginal pouch and septum. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59: 445–7
- Ranney B. Enterocele, vaginal prolapse, pelvic hernia: recognition and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 140: 53–61
- Johansson C, Ihre T, Ahlbäck S O. Disturbances in the defecation mechanism with special reference to intussusception of the rectum (internal procidentia). Dis Colon Rectum 1985; 28: 920–4
- Berman I R, Manning D H, Dudley‐Wright K. Anatomic specificity in the diagnosis and treatment of internal rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum 1985; 28: 816
- Broden B, Snellman B. Procidentia of the rectum studied with cineradiography: a contribution to the discussion of causative mechanism. Dis Colon Rectum 1968; 11: 330–47
- Loygue J, Nordlinger B, Cunci O, Malafosse M, Huguel C, Pare R. Rectopexy of the promontory for the treatment of rectal prolapse: report of 257 cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1984; 27: 356–9
- Morgan C N, Porter N H, Klugman D J. Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) sponge in the repair of complete rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1972; 59: 841–6
- Atkinson K G, Taylor D C. Wells procedure for complete rectal prolapse: a ten year experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1984; 27: 96–8
- Ripstein C B. Surgical care of massive Rectal Prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum 1965; 8: 34–8
- Holmström B, Broden G, Dolk A. Results of the Ripstein operation in the treatment of rectal prolapse and internal rectal procidentia. Dis Colon Rectum 1986; 29: 845–8
- Ihre T. Studies on anal function in continent and incontinent patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1974; 9: 1–64
- Nicholls R J, Simson J NL. Anteroposterior rectopexy in the treatment of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome without overt rectal prolapse. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 222–4
- Lowry A C, Goldberg S M. Internal and overt rectal procidentia. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1987; 16(1)47–70
- Kuijpers H C, Schreve R H, Hoedemakers H C. Diagnosis of functional disorders of defecation causing the solitary ulcer syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 1986; 29: 126–9
- Parks A G, Porter N H, Hardcastle J. The syndrome of the descending perineum. Proc R Soc Med 1966; 59: 477–82
- Rutter K RP, Riddell R H. The solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum. Clin Gastroenterol 1975; 4: 505–30
- Bartolo D CC, Roe A M, Virjee J, Mortensen N JMcC, Locke‐Edmunds J C. An analysis of rectal morphology in obstructed defaecation. Int J Color Dis 1988; 3: 17–22
- Rutter K RP. Electromyography changes in certain pelvic floor abnormalities. Proc R Soc Med 1974; 67: 53–6
- Kuijpers J H, Bleijenberg G. The spastic pelvic floor syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 1985; 28: 669–72
- Jones P N, Lubowski M B, Swash M, Path M RC, Henry M M. Is paradoxical contraction of puborectalis muscle of functional importance?. Dis Colon Rectum 1987; 30: 667
- Johansson C, Ihre T, Holmström B, Nordström E, Dolk A, Broden G. A combined electromyographic and cineoradio‐logical investigation in patients with defecation disorders. Dis Colon Rectum
- Wallace W C, Madden W M. Partial puborectalis resection. South Med J 1969; 62: 1123
- Goligher J C. Surgery of the anus rectum and colon. Baillière Tindall, London 1984; 1076–81
- Barnes P R, Hawley P R, Preston D M, Lennard‐Jones J E. Experience of posterior division of the puborectalis muscle in the management of chronic constipation. Br J Surg 1985; 72: 475–7
- Cruveillier J. Ulcere chronique du rectum. Anatomie pathologique du corps humain. Baillière JB, Paris 1829
- Madigan M R, Morson B C. Solitary ulcer of the rectum. Gut 1969; 10: 871–81
- Thomson G, Clark A, Handyside J, et al. Solitary ulcer of the rectum—or is it? A report of 6 cases. Br J Surg 1981; 68: 21
- Schweiger M, Alexander‐Williams J. Solitary‐ulcer syndrome of the rectum: its association with occult rectal prolapse. Lancet 1977; i: 170–1
- Thomson H, Hill D. Solitary rectal ulcer: always a selfinduced condition?. Br J Surg 1980; 67: 784–5
- Womack N R, Williams N S, Holmfield J HM, Morrison J FB. Pressure and Prolapse—the cause of solitary rectal ulceration. Gut 1987; 28: 1228–33
- Biehl A G, Ray J E, Gathright J B. Repair of rectal prolapse: experience with the Ripstein sling. South Med J 1978; 71: 923