Serum Insulin and Other Cardiovascular Risk Indicators in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults

References

• Pyörälä K. Relationship of glucose tolerance and plasma insulin to the incidence of coronary heart disease: results from two population studies in Finland. Diabetes Care 1979; 2: 131–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ducimetiere P, Eschwege E, Papoz L, Richard J L., Claude J R., Rosselin G. Relationship of plasma insulin level to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. Diabetologia 1980; 19: 205–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin F I., Hannah N IC, Dean B, Hunt D V., Campbell D G. Fasting plasma insulin. A risk factor for abnormal electrocardiogram in Maltese residents of Australia. Diabetes Res 1986; 3: 87–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wing R R., Bunker C H., Kuller L H., Matthews K A. Insulin, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal women. Ateriosclerosis 1989; 9: 479–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zavaroni I, Bonora E, Pagliara M, et al. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 702–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reaven G M. Banting Lecture 1988: Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595–607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stout R W. Overview of the association between insulin and atherosclerosis. Metabolism 1985; 34: 7–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burke G L., Webber L S., Srinivasan S R., Radhakrish-namurthy B, Freedman D S., Berenson G S. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in children: Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 1986; 35: 441–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manolio T A., Savage P J., Burke G L., et al. Association of fasting insulin with blood pressure and lipids in young adults. The Cardia Study. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 430–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Åkerblom H K., Viikari J, Uhari M, et al. Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. I. General description of the cross-sectional study in 1980, and an account of the children's and families' state of health. Acta Pediatr Scand 1985; 49–63, Suppl 318
   Google Scholar
• Herbert V, Lau K S., Gottlieb C W., Bleicher S J. Coated charcoal immunoassay of insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1965; 25: 1375–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmeyer H U. Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse. Chemie, Weinheim 1974
   Google Scholar
• Siedel J, Schlumberger H, Klose S, Ziegenhorn J, Wahlefeld A W. Improved reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum cholesterol. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1981; 19: 838–9
   Google Scholar
• Wahlefeld A W. Triglycerides—determination after enzymatic hydrolysis. Methods of enzymatic analysis. 2nd ed., H V. Bergmeyer. Verlag Chemie/Academic Press, New York 1974; 1831–5
   Google Scholar
• Kostner G M. Enzymatic determination of cholesterol in high density lipoprotein fractions prepared by polyanion precipitation [Letter]. Clin Chem 1976; 22: 695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reunanen A. Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Finland. Acta Endocrinol 1984; 262(Suppl (Copenh))31–5
   Google Scholar
• Hamman R F. Diabetes in affluent societies. Diabetes in epidemiological perspective, J I. Mann, K Pyörälä, A Teuscher. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1983; 7–42
   Google Scholar
• Amiel S A., Sherwin R S., Simonson D C., Lauritano A A., Tamborlane W V. Impaired insulin action in puberty. A contributing factor to poor glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes. N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 215–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rönnemaa T, Laakso M, Pyörälä K, Kallio V, Puukka P. High fasting plasma insulin is an indicator of coronary heart disease both in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects. Arteriosclerosis 1991; 11: 80–90
   Google Scholar
• Grant D B. Fasting serum insulin levels in childhood. Arch Dis Child 1967; 42: 375–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lestradet H, Deschamps I, Giron B. Insulin and free fatty acid levels during oral glucose tolerance tests and their relation to age in 70 healthy children. Diabetes 1976; 25: 505–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lautala P, Åkerblom H K., Viikari J, et al. Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VIII. Serum immunoreactive insulin. Acta Pediatr Scand Suppl 1985; 318: 127–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caprio S, Plewe G, Diamond M P., et al. Increased insulin secretion in puberty: A compensatory response to reductions in insulin sensitivity. J Pediatr 1989; 114: 963–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindmarsh P, Di Silvio L, Pringle P J., Kurtz A B., Brook C GD. Changes in serum insulin concentration during puberty and their relationship to growth hormone. Clin Endocrinol 1988; 28: 381–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith C P., Dunger D B., Williams A JK, et al. Relationship between insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations during childhood, puberty, and adult life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 932–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Räsänen L, Laitinen S, Stirkkinen R, et al. Composition of the Diet of Young Finns in 1986. Ann Med 1991, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Kraegen E W., James D E., Storlien L H., Burleigh K M., Chisholm D J. In vivo, insulin resistance in individual peripheral tissues of the high fat fed rat: assessment by euglycemic clamp plus deoxyglucose administration. Diabetologia 1986; 29: 192–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen O, Hjøllund E, Lindskov H O., Helms P, Sørensen N S., Ditzel J. Increased insulin receptor binding to monocytes from insulin-dependent diabetic patients after a low-fat, high-starch, high-fiber diet. Diabetes Care 1982; 5: 284–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soman V R., Kolvisto V A., Deibert D, Felig P, DeFronzo R A. Increased insulin sensivity and insulin binding to monocytes after physical training. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 1200–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sammalkorpi K. Glucose tolerance in acute infections. J Int Med 1989; 225: 15–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Florey C du V, Uppal S, Lowy C. Relation between blood pressure, weight, and plasma sugar and serum insulin levels in schoolchildren aged 9–12 years in Westland, Holland. Br Med J 1976; 1: 1368–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Webb P, Bonser A, Wearne K L., Gracey M. Obesity and insulin secretion in fasting high school students. Diabetologia 1980; 19: 194–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folsom A R., Burke G L., Ballew C, et al. Relation of body fatness and its distribution to cardiovascular risk factors in young blacks and whites. The role of insulin. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 130: 911–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman D S., Srinivasan S R., Burke G L., et al. Relation of body fat distribution to hyperinsulinemia in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa heart study. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46: 403–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legido A, Sarria A, Bueno M, et al. Relationship of body fat distribution to metabolic complications in obese prepubertal girls. Clin Pediatr 1987; 26: 310–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smoak C G., Burke G L., Webber L S., Harsha D W., Srinivasan S R., Berenson G S. Relation of obesity to clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and young adults. The Bogalusa heart study. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125: 364–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar