Colorectal Adenoma Progression and Genetic Change: Is There a Link?

References

• Jass J R, Sobin L H. Histological typing of intestinal tumours. WHO International Classification of Tumours. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1989
   Google Scholar
• Muto T, Kamiya J, Sawada T, et al. Small flat adenoma of the large bowel with special reference to its clinicopathological features. Dis Colon Rectum 1985; 28: 847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuramoto S, Ihara O, Sakai S, Shimazu R, Kaminishi M, Oohara T. Depressed adenoma in the large intestine. Endoscopic features. Dis Colon Rectum 1990; 33: 108–12
   Google Scholar
• Minamoto T, Sawaguchi K, Ohta T, Itoh T, Mai M. Superficial-type adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum: a comparative morphological study. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 1436–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paraskeva C, Williams A C. Are different events involved in the development of sporadic versus hereditary tumours? The possible importance of the microenvironment in hereditary cancer. Br J Cancer 1990; 61: 828–30
   Google Scholar
• Muto T, Bussey H JR, Morson B C. The evolution of cancer of the rectum. Cancer 1975; 36: 2251–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jass J R, Stewart S M, Stewart J, Lane M R. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: morphologies, genes and mutations. Mutat Res 1994; 290: 125–33
   Google Scholar
• Vogelstein B, Fearon E R, Hamilton S R, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 525–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibata D, Schaeffer J, Li Z-H, Capella G, Perucho M. Genetic heterogeneity of the c-K-ras locus in colorectal adenomas but not in adenocarcinomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1058–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugio K, Kurata S, Sasaki M, Soejima J, Sasazuki T. Differential expression of c-myc gene and c-fos gene in premalignant and malignant tissues from patients with familial polyposis coli. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 4855–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith D R, Myint T, Goh H S. Over-expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene in colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1993; 68: 407–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leister I, Weith A, Brüderlein S, et al. Human colorectal cancer: high frequency of deletions at chromosome 1p35. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 7232–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon E, Voss R, Hall V, et al. Chromosome 5 allele loss in human colorectal carcinomas. Nature 1987; 828: 616–19
   Google Scholar
• Rees M, Leigh S EA, Delhanty J DA, Jass J R. Chromosome 5 allele loss in familial and sporadic colorectal adenomas. Br J Cancer 1989; 59: 361–5
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham C, Dunlop M G, Bird C C, Wyllie A H. Deletion analysis of chromosome 8p in sporadic colorectal adenomas. Br J of Cancer 1994; 70: 18–20
   Google Scholar
• Bodmer W F, Bailey C J, Bodmer J, et al. Localization of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis on chromosome 5. Nature 1987; 328: 614–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Konishi M, Ito S, et al. Genetic changes of both p53 alleles associated with the conversion from colorectal adenoma to early carcinoma in familial adenomatous polyposis and non-familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 3965–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura S, Kino I. Morphogenesis of minute adenomas in familial polyposis coli. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984; 73: 41–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ichil S, Horii A, Nakatsuru S, Furyama J, Utsunomiya J, Nakamura Y. Inactivitation of both APC alleles in an early stage of colon adenomas in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Hum Mol Genet 1992; 1: 387–90
   Google Scholar
• Roncucci L, Stamp D, Medline A, Cullen J B, Bruce W R. Identification and quantification of aberrant crypt foci and microadenomas in the human colon. Hum Pathol 1991; 22: 287–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell F, Geraghty J, Williams G T, Williams E D. Somatic mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). J Pathology 1994; 172(Suppl)96A
   Google Scholar
• Smith K J, Levy D B, Maupin P, Pollard T D, Vogelstein B, Kinzler K W. Wild-type but not mutant APC associates with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 3672–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinfieid B, Souza B, Albert I, et al. Association of the APC gene product with β-catenin. Science 1993; 262: 1731–4
   Google Scholar
• Su L-K, Vogelstein B, Kinzler K. Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins. Science 1993; 262: 1734–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debenedetti I, Sciallero S, Gismondi V, et al. Association of APC gene mutations and histological characteristics of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 3553–6
   Google Scholar
• Fearon E R, Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 1990; 61: 759–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon E R, Jones P A. Progressing toward a molecular description of colorectal cancer development. FASEB J 1992; 6: 2783–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jass J R. Evolution of hereditary bowel cancer. Mutat Res 1993; 290: 13–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLellan E A, Owen R A, Stepniewska K A, Sheffield J P, Lemoine N R. High frequency of K-ras mutations in sporadic colorectal adenomas. Gut 1993; 34: 392–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando M, Takemura K, Maruyama M, Endo M, Iwama T, Yuasa Y. Mutations in c-K-ras 2 gene codon 12 during colorectal tumorigenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1725–31
   Google Scholar
• Yamagata S, Muto T, Uchlda Y, et al. Lower incidence of K-ras codon 12 mutation in flat colorectal adenomas than in polypoid adenomas. J J Cancer Res 1994; 85: 147–51
   Google Scholar
• Pretlow T P, Brasitus T A, Fulton N C, Cheyer C, Kaplan E L. K-ras mutations in putative preneoplastic lesions in human colon. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 2004–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leach F S, Nicolaides N C, Papadopoulos N, et al. Mutations of a mutS homolog in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Cell 1993; 75: 1215–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishel R, Lescoe M K, Rao M RS, et al. The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Cell 1993; 75: 1027–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronner C E, Baker S M, Morrison P T, et al. Mutation in the DNA mismatch repair gene homologue HMLH1 is associated with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. Nature 1994; 368: 258–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos N, Nicolaides N C, Wei Y-F, et al. Mutation of a mutL homolog in hereditary colon cancer. Science 1994; 263: 1625–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolaides N C, Papadopoulos N, Liu B, et al. Mutations of two PMS homologues in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Nature 1994; 371: 75–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouri M, Laasonen A, Mecklin J P, Järvinen H, Franssila K, Pyrhönen S. Diploid predominance in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma evaluated by flow cytometry. Cancer 1990; 65: 1825–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goelz S E, Vogelstein B, Hamilton S R, Feinberg A P. Hypomethylation of DNA from benign and malignant human colon neoplasms. Science 1985; 228: 187–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaltonen L A, Peltomäki P S, Leach F S, et al. Clues to the pathogenesis of familial colorectal cancer. Science 1993; 260: 812–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar