References
- Li LM, Rao KQ, Kong LZ, Yao CH, Xiang HD, Zhai FY, et al.; Technical Working Group of China National Nutrition and Health Survey. A description on the Chinese national nutrition and health survey in 2002. Chin J Epidemiol 2005;26:478–84 (in Chinese).
- Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, Hebert P, Fiebach NH, Eberlein KA, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: Overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990;335:827–38.
- Staessen JA, Gasowski J, Wang JG, Thijs L, Den Hond E, Boissel JP, et al. Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: Meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet 2000;355:865–72.
- Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) Investigators; Yusuf S, Teo K, Anderson C, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, et al. Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:1174–83.
- Massie BM, Carson PE, McMurray JJ, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, et al.; I-PRESERVE Investigators. Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2456–67.
- Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Cotton D, Ounpuu S, Lawton WA, et al.; PRoFESS Study Group. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1225–37.
- NAVIGATOR Study Group; McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM, Bethel MA, Holzhauer B, Hua TA, et al. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1477–90.
- ACCORD Study Group; Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Grimm RH Jr, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1575–85.
- Ogihara T, Saruta T, Rakugi H, Matsuoka H, Shimamoto K, Shimada K, et al.; Valsartan in Elderly Isolated Systolic Hypertension Study Group. Target blood pressure for treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: Valsartan in elderly isolated systolic hypertension study. Hypertension 2010;56:196–202.
- Arnlöv J, Evans JC, Meigs JB, Wang TJ, Fox CS, Levy D, et al. Low-grade albuminuria and incidence of cardiovascular disease events in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic individuals: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2005;112: 969–75.
- Blecker S, Matsushita K, Köttgen A, Loehr LR, Bertoni AG, Boulware LE, et al. High-normal albuminuria and risk of heart failure in the community. Am J Kidney Dis 2011;58: 47–55.
- Warnock DG, Muntner P, McCullough PA, Zhang X, McClure LA, Zakai N;REGARDS Investigators. Kidney function, albuminuria, and all-cause mortality in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2010;56:861–71.
- Sheng CS, Hu BC, Fan WX, Zou J, Li Y, Wang JG. Microalbuminuria in relation to the metabolic syndrome and its components in a Chinese population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2011;3:6.
- Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998;15: 539–553.
- Cockcroft DW, Gault HM. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31–41.
- DuBois D, DuBois EF. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight are known. Ann Internal Med 1916;17:863–71.
- Warram JH, Gearin G, Laffel L, Krolewski AS. Effect of duration of type I diabetes on the prevalence of stages of diabetic nephropathy defined by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:930–37.
- Mattix HJ, Hsu CY, Shaykevich S, Curhan G. Use of the albumin/creatinine ratio to detect microalbuminuria: Implications of sex and race. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13: 1034–39.
- Denardo SJ, Messerli FH, Gaxiola E, Aranda JM Jr, Cooper-Dehoff RM, Handberg EM, et al. Coronary revascularization strategy and outcomes according to blood pressure (from the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study [INVEST]). Am J Cardiol 2010;106:498–503.
- Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Wun CC, Zuckerman AL, DeMicco D, Kostis JB, et al.; Treating to New Targets Steering Committee and Investigators. Treating to New Targets Steering Committee and Investigators. J-curve revisited: An analysis of blood pressure and cardiovascular events in the Treating to New Targets (TNT) trial. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2897–908.
- Sleight P, Redon J, Verdecchia P, Mancia G, Gao P, Fagard R, et al.; ONTARGET investigators. Prognostic value of blood pressure in patients with high vascular risk in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial study. J Hypertens 2009;27: 1360–9.
- Rosendorff C, Black HR, Cannon CP, Gersh BJ, Gore J, Izzo JL Jr, et al.; American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Treatment of hypertension in the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2007;115:2761–88.
- Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, O’Brien E, Dobson JE, Dahlöf B, et al. Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension. Lancet 2010;375:895–905.
- Patel A; ; ADVANCE Collaborative GroupMacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Woodward M, Billot L, Harrap S, et al. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370: 829–40.
- Yang W, Lu J, Weng J, Jia W, Ji L, Xiao J, et al.; China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1090–101.