Motivating inpatients to engage with treatment: The role of depression and ward atmosphere

References

• McMurran M. Motivating offenders to change: A guide to enhancing engagement in therapy. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Ward T, Stewart CA. Good lives and the rehabilitation of sexual offenders. Ward T, Laws DR, Hudson SM. Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Bellack AS. Scientific and consumer models of recovery in schizophrenia: Concordance, contrasts, and implications. Schizophr Bull 2006;32:432–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrank B, Slade M. Recovery in Psychiatry. The Psychiatrist 2007; 31:321–5.
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan A. A two-year prospective study of treatment compliance in patients with schipzophrenia. Psychol Med 1992;22:787–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston NJ, Kisely S, Xio J. Assessing the outcome of compulsory psychiatric treatment in the community: Epidemiological study in Western Australia. Br Med J 2002;324:1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisely S, Campbell LA, Preston NJ. Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;20:CD004408.
   Google Scholar
• Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Fawcett B, Karban K. Contemporary mental health: Theory, policy and practice. London: Routledge; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Espvall M, Åström M. A study of the ward atmosphere in a psychiatric unit for short term treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1974;50:309–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brunt D. The ward atmosphere of single-sex wards in a maximum-security forensic psychiatric hospital in Sweden. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2008;29:221–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schjødt T, Middelboe T, Mortensen EL, Gjerris A. Ward atmosphere in acute psychiatric inpatient care: Differences and similarities between patient and staff perceptions. Nord J Psychiatry 2002;57:215–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunt D, Rask M. Patient and staff perceptions of the ward atmosphere in a Swedish maximum-security forensic psychiatric hospital. J Forens Psychiatry Psychol 2005;16:263–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby S. Ward atmosphere on a medium secure long-stay ward. J Forens Psychiatry Psychol 1997;8:336–47.
   Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Hansson L. Perceptions of the real and the ideal ward atmosphere among trainees and staff before and after the introduction of a new work rehabilitation model. Eur Psychiatry 2001;16:299–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjerden P, Moen H. Patient satisfaction and ward atmosphere during a crisis in an open psychiatric ward. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001;36:529–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middelboe T, Schjødt T, Byrsting K, Gjerris A. Ward atmosphere in acute psychiatric in-patient care: Patients’ perceptions, ideals and satisfaction. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001;103:212–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellam SG, Goldberg SC, Schooler NR, Berman A, Shmelzer JL. Ward atmosphere and outcome of treatment of acute schizphrenia. J Psychiatr Res 1967;5:145–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes LM. Social climate perception and depression of patients and staff in a chronic hemodialysis unit. J Nerv Ment Dis 1981;169: 169–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn IM, Bishop S, Glen AIM, Whalley LJ, Christie JE. The efficacy of cognitive therapy in depression: A treatment trial using cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, each alone and in combination. Br J Psychiatry 1981;139:181–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persons JB, Burns DD, Perloff JM. Predictors of dropout and outcome in cognitive therapy for depression in a private practice setting. Cogn Ther Res 1988;12:557–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittal ML, Thordarson DS, McLean PD. Treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Cognitive behavior therapy vs. exposure and response prevention. Behav Res Ther 2005;43:1559–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerns RD, Haythornthwaite JA. Depression among chronic pain patients: Cognitive-behavioral analysis and effect on rehabilitation outcome. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56:870–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbogen EB, Swanson JW, Swartz MS, Van Dorn R. Medication nonadherence and substance abuse in psychotic disorders: Impact of depressive symptoms and social stability. J Nerv Ment Dis 2005;193:673–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson D, Clark LA. Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychol Bull 1984;96:465–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paykel ES, Myers JK, Dienelt MN, Klerman GL, Lindenthal JJ, Pepper MP. Live events and depression: A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1969;21:753–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seligman MEP. Learned helplessness. Annu Rev Med 1972;23: 407–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudjonsson GH, Young S, Yates M. Motivating mentally disordered offenders to change: Instruments for measuring patients’ perception and motivation. J Forens Psychiatry Psychol 2007;18:74–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos RH, Houts PS. Assessment of the social atmospheres of psychiatric wards. J Abnorm Psychol 1968;73:595–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos RH. Ward Atmosphere Scale manual: 2nd. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Moos RH. Evaluating treatment environments: A social ecological approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1974.
   Google Scholar
• Moos RH. Ward Atmosphere Scale: Manual, test booklets and scoring key. A social climate scale, 3rd. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden, Inc.; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Alden L. Factor analysis of the Ward Atmosphere Scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 1978;46:175–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977;1:385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp. Statistical Software: STATA Version 10. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers WH. Regression standard errors in clustered samples. Stata Tech Bull 1993;13:19–23.
   Google Scholar
• Erceg-Hurn DM, Mirosevich VM. Modern robust statistical methods: An easy way to maximize the accuracy and power of your research. Am Psychol 2008;63:591–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobel ME. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Leinhardt S. Sociological methodology. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association; 1982. 290–312.
   Google Scholar
• Browne S, Clarke M, Gervin M. Determinants of quality of life at first presentation with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2000;176:173–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selten J-P, Wiersma D, van den Bosch RJ. Distress attributed to negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2000;26:737–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar