A short-term double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial with active or placebo pindolol in patients treated with venlafaxine for major depression

References

• Artigas F, Perez V, Alvarez E. Pindolol induces a rapid improvement of depressed patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:248–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artigas F, Romero L, de Montigny C, Blier P. Acceleration of the effect of selected antidepressant drugs in major depression by 5-HT1A antagonists. Trends Neurosci 1996;19:378–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whale R, Terao T, Cowen P, Freemantle N, Geddes J. Pindolol augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of depressive disorder: A systematic review. J Psychopharmacol 2010;24:513–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballesteros J, Callado LF. Effectiveness of pindolol plus serotonin uptake inhibitors in depression: A meta-analysis of early and late outcomes from randomised controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2004;79:137–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabiner EA, Bhagwagar Z, Gunn RN, Sargent PA, Bench CJ, Cowen PJ, . Pindolol augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: PET evidence that the dose used in clinical trials is too low. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:2080–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabiner EA, Bhagwagar Z, Gunn RN, Cowen PJ, Grasby PM. Preferential 5-HT1A autoreceptor occupancy by pindolol is attenuated in depressed patients: Effect of treatment or an endophenotype of depression? Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:1688–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plenge P, Mellerup ET. Pindolol and the acceleration of the antidepressant response. J Affect Disord 2003;75:285–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deecher DC, Beyer CE, Johnston G, Bray J, Shah S, Abou-Gharbia M, . Desvenlafaxine succinate: A new serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;318:657–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols AI, Lobello K, Guico-Pabia CJ, Paul J, Preskorn SH. Venlafaxine metabolism as a marker of cytochrome P450 enzyme 2D6 metabolizer status. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;29:383–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid B, Bircher J, Preisig R, Küpfer A. Polymorphic dextromethorphan metabolism: Co-segregation of oxidative O-demethylation with debrisoquin hydroxylation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1985;38:618–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph RL, Fabre LF, Feighner JP, Rickels K, Entsuah R, Derivan AT. A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose–response trial of venlafaxine hydrochloride in the treatment of major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:116–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gex-Fabry M, Balant-Gorgia AE, Balant LP, Rudaz S, Veuthey J, Bertschy G. Time course of clinical response to venlafaxine: Relevance of plasma level and chirality. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004;59:883–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EMEA 1997. Note for guidance on Good Clinical Practice (CPMP/ICH/135/95). The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, London.
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, . The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59 Suppl 20:22–33; quiz 34–57.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Bech P, Kastrup M, Rafaelsen OJ. Mini-compendium of rating scales for states of anxiety depression mania schizophrenia with corresponding DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1986;326:1–37.
   Google Scholar
• Bech P, Allerup P, Gram LF, Reisby N, Rosenberg R, Jacobsen O, . The Hamilton Depression Scale. Evaluation of objectivity using logistic models. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1981;63:290–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Sullivan RL, Fava M, Agustin C, Baer L, Rosenbaum JF. Sensitivity of the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;95:379–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bech P. The Bech–Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (MES) in clinical trials of therapies in depressive disorders: A 20-year review of its use as outcome measure. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002;106:252–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licht RW, Qvitzau S, Allerup P, Bech P. Validation of the Bech–Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale in patients with major depression; Is the total score a valid measure of illness severity? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005;111:144–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bech P, Rasmussen NA, Olsen LR, Noerholm V, Abildgaard W. The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. J Affect Disord 2001;66:159–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bech P. Measuring the dimensions of psychological general well-being by the WHO-5. QoL Newsletter 2004;32:15–16.
   Google Scholar
• Lingjærde O, Ahlfors UG, Bech P, Dencker SJ, Elgen K. The UKU side effect rating scale. A new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and a cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1987:334:1–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown H, Prescott R. Applied mixed models in medicine. Chichester: Wiley; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Shams ME, Arneth B, Hiemke C, Dragicevic A, Müller MJ, Kaiser R, . CYP2D6 polymorphism and clinical effect of the antidepressant venlafaxine. Clin Pharm Ther 2006;31:493–502.
   Google Scholar
• Sinyor M, Schaffer A, Levitt A. The sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D) trial: A review. Can J Psychiatry 2010;55:126–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar