230
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Psychotic disorder is an independent risk factor for increased fasting glucose and waist circumference

, , , , &
Pages 251-258 | Accepted 13 Apr 2013, Published online: 24 Jun 2013

References

  • Brown S. Excess mortality of schizophrenia. A meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:502–8.
  • Osby U, Correia N, Brandt L, Ekbom A, Sparen P. Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenia in Stockholm county, Sweden. Schizophr Res 2000;45:21–8.
  • Saha S, Chant D, McGrath J. A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: Is the differential mortality gap worsening over time?. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:1123–31.
  • Newcomer JW, Hennekens CH. Severe mental illness and risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2007;298:1794–6.
  • Osby U, Hammar N, Brandt L, Wicks S, Thinsz Z, Ekbom A, et al. Time trends in first admissions for schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis in Stockholm County, Sweden. Schizophr Res 2001;47:247–54.
  • Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K, Sundquist J. Comorbidities and mortality in persons with schizophrenia: A Swedish national cohort study. Am J Psychiatry 2013;170:324–33.
  • Gothefors D, Adolfsson R, Attvall S, Erlinge D, Jarbin H, Lindstrom K, et al. Swedish clinical guidelines—Prevention and management of metabolic risk in patients with severe psychiatric disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2010;64:294–302.
  • De Hert M, Vancampfort D, Correll CU, Mercken V, Peuskens J, Sweers K, et al. Guidelines for screening and monitoring of cardiometabolic risk in schizophrenia: Systematic evaluation. Br J Psychiatry 2011;199:99–105.
  • McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Goff DC, Nasrallah HA, Davis SM, Sullivan L, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: Baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr Res 2005;80:19–32.
  • Newcomer JW. Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: A comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs 2005;19 Suppl 1:1–93.
  • Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:229–34.
  • Kreyenbuhl J, Dickerson FB, Medoff DR, Brown CH, Goldberg RW, Fang L, et al. Extent and management of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes and serious mental illness. J Nerv Ment Dis 2006;194:404–10.
  • Correll CU, Frederickson AM, Kane JM, Manu P. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of coronary heart disease in 367 patients treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:575–83.
  • De Hert MA, van Winkel R, Van Eyck D, Hanssens L, Wampers M, Scheen A, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication. Schizophr Res 2006;83:87–93.
  • Goff DC, Sullivan LM, McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Nasrallah HA, Daumit GL, et al. A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the CATIE study and matched controls. Schizophr Res 2005;80:45–53.
  • Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:596–601.
  • Osborn DP, Nazareth I, King MB. Risk for coronary heart disease in people with severe mental illness: Cross-sectional comparative study in primary care. Br J Psychiatry 2006;188: 271–7.
  • Eriksson AK, Ekbom A, Granath F, Hilding A, Efendic S, Ostenson CG. Psychological distress and risk of pre-diabetes and Type 2 diabetes in a prospective study of Swedish middle-aged men and women. Diabet Med 2008;25:834–42.
  • Grill V, Pigon J, Hartling SG, Binder C, Efendic S. Effects of dexamethasone on glucose-induced insulin and proinsulin release in low and high insulin responders. Metabolism 1990;39:251–8.
  • Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412–9.
  • Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: A joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009;120:1640–5.
  • Asseburg C, Willis M, Lothgren M, Seppala N, Hakala M, Persson U. Hospitalisation utilisation and costs in schizophrenia patients in Finland before and after initiation of risperidone long-acting injection. Schizophr Res Treatment 2012;2012:791468.
  • Ryan MC, Collins P, Thakore JH. Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:284–9.
  • Spelman LM, Walsh PI, Sharifi N, Collins P, Thakore JH. Impaired glucose tolerance in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Diabet Med 2007;24:481–5.
  • Mukherjee S, Schnur DB, Reddy R. Family history of type 2 diabetes in schizophrenic patients. Lancet 1989;1:495.
  • Arranz B, Rosel P, Ramirez N, Duenas R, Fernandez P, Sanchez JM, et al. Insulin resistance and increased leptin concentrations in noncompliant schizophrenia patients but not in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1335–42.
  • Alvarsson M, Hilding A, Ostenson CG. Factors determining normalization of glucose intolerance in middle-aged Swedish men and women: A 8–10-year follow-up. Diabet Med 2009;26: 345–53.
  • Ryan MC, Thakore JH. Physical consequences of schizophrenia and its treatment: The metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 2002;71: 239–57.
  • Verma SK, Subramaniam M, Liew A, Poon LY. Metabolic risk factors in drug-naive patients with first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:997–1000.
  • Cohen D, Stolk RP, Grobbee DE, Gispen-de Wied CC. Hyperglycemia and diabetes in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Diabetes Care 2006;29:786–91.
  • Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1209–23.
  • Mackin P, Bishop D, Watkinson H, Gallagher P, Ferrier IN. Metabolic disease and cardiovascular risk in people treated with antipsychotics in the community. Br J Psychiatry 2007;191:23–9.
  • Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: Collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet 2009;373:1083–96.
  • Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, Bergmann M, Schulze MB, Overvad K, et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2105–20.
  • Preis SR, Hwang SJ, Coady S, Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB, Sr., Savage PJ, et al. Trends in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women and men with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study, 1950 to 2005. Circulation 2009;119:1728–35.
  • Reaven G. Metabolic syndrome: Pathophysiology and implications for management of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:286–8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.