Evaluation of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in smokers and Maras powder users

References

• Bartecchi CE, MacKenzie TD, Robert W:The human costs of tobacco use. Schrie.N Engl J Med 1994;330:907–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer J, Waverly I. Tobacco control policy. Strategies, successes and setbacks. The World Bank, 2003;1–12.
   Google Scholar
• The World Health Report on The Global Tobacco Epidemic. İ.stanbul, 2009. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563918_eng_full.pdf. (last accessed: August 10, 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Mackay J, Eriksen M. The Tobacco Atlas. World Health Organization. 3. Male smoking, USA;2002. pp. 24–5. http://www.who.int/tobacco/en/atlas5.pdf (last accessed: August 18, 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Aral M, Ekerbicer H, Celik M, Ciragil P, Gul M. Comparison of effects of smoking and smokeless tobacco “Maras powder” use on humoral immune system parameters. Mediators Inflamm 2006;3:85019.
   Google Scholar
• Erenmemisoglu A. Re: Turkish smokeless tobacco “Maras powder”. Prev Med 1999;28:616–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafas A. Analysis of factors affecting cigarette smoking and Maras powder use among adults in the urban area of Kahramanmaras. Master's Thesis, Institute of Science, Department of Agricultural Economics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey; 2011, https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/SearchTez (last accessed: September 13, 2013).
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Gittelman R, Mannuzza S, Shenker R, Bonagura N. Hyperactive boys almost grown up. I. Psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:937–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bonagura N, Malloy P, Giampino TL, Addalli KA. Hyperactive boys almost grown up. V. Replication of psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler, Malloy P, LaPadula M. Adult outcomes of hyperactive boys: Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:565–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M. Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:493–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens TE. The nature of the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68 Suppl 11:4–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R, Biederman J, Conners CK, Demler O, et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:716–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina BS, Pelham WE Jr. Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. J Abnormal Psychol 2003;112:497–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milberger S, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Chen L, Jones J. ADHD is associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert NM, Hartsough CS. Prospective study of tobacco smoking and substance dependencies among samples of ADHD and non-ADHD participants. J Learning Disab 1998;31:533–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens TE, Vitulano M, Upadhyaya H, Adamson J, Sawtelle R, Utzinger L, et al. Cigarette smoking associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr 2008;153:414–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Ustun TB. The World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004;13:93–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doğan S, Öncü B, Varol-Saraçoğlu G, Küçükgöncü S. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1). Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2009;10:77–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Adler L, Ames M, Demler O, Faraone S, Hiripi E, et al. The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): A short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychol Med 2005;35:245–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Lane M, Stang PE, van Brunt DL. The prevalence and workplace costs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a large manufacturing firm. Psychol Med 2008;21:1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Adler LA, Gruber MJ, Sarawate CA, Spencer T, van Brunt DL. Validity of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) screener in a representative sample of health plan members. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2007; 16:52–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavakcı Ö, Demirel Y, Kuğ u N, Nur N, Doğ an O. A primary study on the relation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with impulsivity and obesity. Cumhuriyet Med J 2011;33:413–20.
   Google Scholar
• Yapıcıoğlu B, Kavakcı Ö, Güler AS, Semiz M, Kuğu N, Doğan O. Sivas il merkezinde erişkin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun yaygınlığı ve eşlik eden eksen I ve eksen II Tanıları. 46. Ulusal psikiyatri kongresi, 05–09 Ekim, İzmir; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addiction 1991;86:1119–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uysal MA, Kadakal F, Karsidag C, Bayram NG, Uysal O, Yilmaz V. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: Reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tubtoraks 2004;52:115–21.
   Google Scholar
• Pomerleau CS, Downey KK, Snedecor SM, Mehringer AM, Marks JL, Pomerleau OF. Smoking patterns and abstinence effects in smokers with no ADHD, childhood ADHD, and adult ADHD symptomatology. Addict Behav 2003;28:1149–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fond G, Guillaume S, Jaussent I, Beziat S, Macgregor A, Bernard P, et al. Prevalence and smoking behavior characteristics of nonselected smokers with childhood and/or adult self-reported ADHD symptoms in a smoking-cessation program: A cross-sectional study. J Attent Disord 2013; Aug 13 [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das D, Cherbuin N, Butterworth P, Anstey KJ, Easteal S. A population-based study of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and associated impairment in middle-aged adults. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e31500. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conners CK, Levin ED, Sparrow E, Hinton SC, Erhardt D, Meck WH, et al. Nicotine and attention in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychopharmacol Bull 1996;32:67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shytle RD, Silver AA, Wilkinson BJ, Sanberg PR. A pilot controlled trial of transdermal nicotine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2002;3:150–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Bostic J, Prince J, Monuteaux MC, et al. A pilot controlled clinical trial of ABT-418, a cholinergic agonist, in the treatment of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1931–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill JC, Schoener EP. Age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:1143–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkley RA. Major life activity and health outcomes associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;63:10–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usher AM, Stewart LA, Wilton G. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Canadian prison population. Int J Law Psychiatry 2013;36:311–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh CB, Gau SS, Kessler RC, Wu YY. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the adult ADHD Self-report Scale. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2008;17:45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Lee EH, Joung YS. The WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale: Reliability and validity of the Korean version. Psychiatry Investig 2013;10:41–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehricke JG, Hong N, Whalen CK, Steinhoff K, Wigal TL. Effects of transdermal nicotine on symptoms, moods, and cardiovascular activity in the everyday lives of smokers and non-smokers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Addict Behav 2009;23:644–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehricke JG, Hong N, Wigal TL, Chan V, Doan A. ADHD medication reduces nicotine levels and withdrawal in smokers with ADHD. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011;98:485–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman C, Audrain J, Tercyak K, Hawk Jr LW, Bush A, Crystal-Mansour S, et al. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and smoking patterns among participants in a smoking-cessation program. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2001;3:353–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar