744
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Psychiatric disorders in Danish children aged 5–7 years: A general population study of prevalence and risk factors from the Copenhagen Child Cohort (CCC 2000)

, , , , &

References

  • Costello EJ, Egger H, Angold A. 10-year research update review: The epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public health burden. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;44:972–86.
  • Costello EJ, Foley DL, Angold A. 10-year research update review: The epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: II. Developmental epidemiology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:8–25.
  • Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:593–60.
  • Lavigne JV, Gibbons RD, Chrisoffel KK, Arendt R, Rosenbaum D, Binns H, et al. Prevalence rates and correlates of psychiatric disorders among preschool children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:204–14.
  • Ford T, Goodman R, Meltzer H. The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The prevalence of DSM-IV disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42:1203–11.
  • Egger HL, Angold A. Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006;47:313–37.
  • Skovgaard AM, Houmann T, Christiansen E, Landorph SL, Jørgensen T. The prevalence of mental health problems in children 1½ years of age – the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007;48;1:62–70.
  • Carter AS, Wagmiller RJ, Gray SA, McCarthy KJ, Horwitz SM, Briggs-Gowan MJ. Prevalence of DSM-IV disorder in a representative, healthy birth cohort at school entry: Sociodemographic risks and social adaptation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010;49:686–98.
  • Petresco S, Anselmi L, Santos IS, Barros AJ, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Barros FC, et al. Prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders among 6-year-old children: 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014;49:975–83.
  • Wichstrøm L, Berg-Nielsen TS, Angold A, Egger HL, Solheim E, Sveen TH. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012;53:695–705.
  • Heiervang E, Stormark KM, Lundervold AJ, Heimann M, Goodman R, Posserud M, et al. Psychiatric disorders in Norwegian 8- to 10-year-olds: An epidemiological survey of prevalence, risk factors, and service use. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:438–47.
  • Kristensen S, Henriksen TB, Bilenberg N. The Child Behaviour Checklist for Ages 1.5–5 (CBCL ½–5): Assessment and analyses of parent and care-giver reported problems in a population based sample of Danish preschool children. Nordic J Psychiatry 2010;64:203–09.
  • Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Harder VS, Otten L, Bilenberg N, et al. International comparisons of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children: Parents’ reports from 24 societies. Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2011;40:456–67.
  • Obel C, Heiervang E, Rodriguez A, Heyerdahl S, Smedje H, Sourander A, et al. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in the Nordic countries. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;13;SII32–9.
  • Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A. Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:837–44.
  • Rutter M, Kim-Cohen J, Maughan B. Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006;47:276–95.
  • Reef J, Diamantopoulou S, van Meurs I, Verhulst F, van der Ende J. Child to adult continuities of psychopathology: A 24-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009;120:230–8.
  • Beyer T, Postert C, Müller JM, Furniss T. Prognosis and continuity of child mental health problems from preschool to primary school: Results of a four-year longitudinal study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2012;43:533–43.
  • Bufferd SJ, Dougherty LR, Carlson GA, Rose S, Klein DN. Psychiatric disorders in preschoolers: Continuity from ages 3 to 6. Am J Psychiatry 2012;169;11:1157–63.
  • Pedersen CB, Mors O, Berthelsen A, Waltoft BL, Agerbo E, McGrath JJ, et al. A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2014;71:573–81.
  • Rutter M, Caspi A, Moffit T. Using sex differences in psychopathology to study causal mechanisms: Unifying issues and research strategies. J Psychol Psychiatr 2000;44:1092–115.
  • Rothmann KJ. Epidemiology, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2002. pp. 25– 56.
  • Skovgaard AM, Olsen EM, Houmann T, Christiansen E, Samberg V, Lichtenberg A, et al. The Copenhagen County child cohort: Design of a longitudinal study of child mental health. Scand J Public Health 2005;33:197–202.
  • Pedersen CB, Gøtsche H, Møller JO, Mortensen PB. The Danish Civil Registration System: A cohort of eight million persons. Dan Med Bull 2006;53:441–9.
  • Elberling H, Linneberg A, Olsen EM, Goodman R, Skovgaard AM. The prevalence of SDQ-measured mental health problems at age 5–7 years and identification of predictors from birth to preschool age in a Danish birth cohort: The Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010;19;725–35.
  • Goodman, R. The extended version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a guide to child psychiatric caseness and consequent burden. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999;40:791–9.
  • Goodman R, Ford T, Simmons H, Gatward R, Meltzer H. Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample. Br J Psychiatry 2000;177:534–9.
  • Goodman R, Ford T, Richards H, Gatward R, Meltzer H. The Development and Well-Being Assessment: Description and initial validation of an integrated assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000;41:645–55.
  • World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.
  • Youth in Mind. DAWBA. Information for researchers and clinicians about the Development and Well-Being Assessment. Available at www.dawba.info.
  • Goodman A, Heiervang E, Collishaw S, Goodman R. The “DAWBA bands” as ordered-categorical measure of child mental health: Description and validation in British and Norwegian samples. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011;46:521–32.
  • Heiervang E, Goodman A, Goodman R. The Nordic advantage in child mental health: Separating health differences from reporting style in a cross-cultural comparison of psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2008;49:678–85.
  • Knudsen LB, Olsen J. The Danish Medical Birth Registry. Dan Med Bull 1998;45:320–3.
  • Statistics Denmark: IDA – an Integrated Data Base for Labour Market Research. Main Report. Statistics Denmark: Copenhagen. 1991. Available at www.dst.dk/ida
  • Posserud MB, Ullebø AK, Plessen KJ, Stormark KM, Gillberg C, Lundervold AJ. Influence of assessment instrument on ADHD diagnosis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;23:197–205.
  • Ullebø AK, Posserud MB, Heiervang E, Obel C, Gillberg C. Prevalence of the ADHD phenotype in 7- to 9-year-old children: Effects of informant, gender and non-participation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012;47:763–9.
  • Sonuga-Barke EJ, Halperin JM. Developmental phenotypes and causal pathways in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Potential targets for early intervention? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010;51:368–89.
  • Rydell AM. Family factors and children’s disruptive behaviour: An investigation of links between demographic characteristics, negative life events and symptoms of ODD and ADHD. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010;45:233–44.
  • Galéra C, Côté SM, Bouvard MP, Pingault JB, Melchior M, Michel G, et al. Early risk factors for hyperactivity–impulsivity and inattention trajectories from age 17 months to 8 years. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68:1267–75.
  • Wolke D, Waylen A, Samara M, Steer C, Goodman R, Ford T, Lamberts K. Selective drop-out in longitudinal studies and non-biased prediction of behaviour disorders. Br J Psychiatry 2009;195:249–56.
  • Fombonne E. Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatr Res 2009;65:591–8.
  • Baxter AJ, Bruga TS, Eskine HE, Scheurer RW, Vos T, Scott JG. The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med 2015;45:601–13.
  • Baird G, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Chandler S, Loucas T, Meldrum D, Charman T. Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Lancet 2006;368(9531):210–15.
  • Jensen CM, Steinhausen HC, Lauritsen MB. Time trends over 16 years in incidence rates of autism spectrum disorders across the lifespan based on nationwide Danish register data. J Autism Dev Disord 2014;44:1808–18.
  • Posserud M, Lundervold AJ, Lie SA, Gillberg C. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders: Impact of diagnostic instrument and non-response bias. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010;45:319–27.
  • Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A. Comorbidity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999;40:57–87.
  • Simonoff E, Pickles A, Charman T, Chandler S, Loucas T, Baird G. Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008;47:921–9.
  • St Pourcain B, Mandy WP, Heron J, Golding J, Davey Smith G, Skuse DH. Links between co-occurring social-communication and hyperactive-inattentive trait trajectories. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011;50:892–902.
  • Wichstrøm L, Berg-Nielsen TS. Psychiatric disorders in preschoolers: The structure of DSM-IV symptoms and profiles of comorbidity. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;23:551–62.
  • Meltzer H, Gatward R, Corbin T, Goodman R, Ford T. Persistence, onset, risk factors and outcome of childhood mental disorders. London: Office for National Statistics, 2003.
  • Robinson M, Oddy WH, Li J, Kendall GE, de Klerk NH, Silburn SR, et al. Pre-and postnatal influences on preschool mental health: A large scale cohort study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2008;49:1118–28.
  • Laucht M, Esser G, Baving L, Gerhold M, Hoesch I, Ihle W, et al. Behavioural sequelae of perinatal insults and early family adversities at 8 years of age. J Am Acad Child and Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:1229–37.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.