Neuropeptides and psychiatry - basic and clinical aspects

References

• Ågren H., Terenius L. Depression and CSF endorphin Fraction I: Seasonal variation and higher levels in unipolar than bipolar patients. Psychiatry Res. 1983; 10: 303–311
   Google Scholar
• Ågren H, Lundqvist G. Low levels of somatostatin in human CSF mark depressive episodes. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 1984; 9: 233–248
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). APA, Washington, D.C. 1980
   Google Scholar
• Bissette G., Walleus H., Widerlov E., Karlsson I., Eklund K., Loosen P. T., Nemeroff C. B. Reductions of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LJ) in dementia, major depression and schizophrenia. Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 1984; 10: 1093
   Google Scholar
• Carroll B. J. Neuroendocrine function in psychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, M. A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, K. F. Killam. Raven Press, New York 1978; 487–497
   Google Scholar
• Cramer H., Kohler J., Oepen G., Schomburg G., Schroter E. Huntington's chorea -measurements of somatostatin, substance P and cyclic nucleotides in the cerebrospinal fluid. J. Neurol. 1981; 225: 183–187
   Google Scholar
• Crystal H. A., Davies P. Cortical substance-P-like immunoreactivity in cases of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. J. Neurochem. 1982; 38: 1781–1784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupont E., Christensen S. E., Hansen A. P., Olivarius B. F., Ørskov H. Low cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin in Parkinson's disease: An irreversible abnormality. Neurology 1982; 32: 312–314
   Google Scholar
• Ehrensing R. H., Kastin A. J. Dose-related biphasic effect of prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide (MIF-I) in depression. Am. J. Psychiat. 1978; 135: 562–566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman R. Radioimmunoassay of neuropeptides in the CSF. Problems and pitfalls. Nord. Psykiat. Tidsskr. 1985; 39(Suppl. ll)31–34
   Google Scholar
• Emson P. C., Arregui A., Clement-Jones V., Sand-Berg B. E.B., Rossor M. Regional distribution of methionine-enkephalin and substance P-like immunoreactivity in normal human brain and in Huntington's disease. Brain Res. 1980; 199: 147–160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Facchinetti F., Nappim G., Petraglia F., Martignoni E., Sinforiani E., Genazzani A. R. Central ACTH deficit in degenerative and vascular dementia. Life Sciences 1984; 35: 1691–1697
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falkmer S., van Noorden S. Ontogeny and phylogeny of the glucagon cell. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, P. J. Lefebvre. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1983; Vol. 66/1: 81–119
   Google Scholar
• Falkmer S., Gustavsson M. K.S., Sundler F. 1985 Phylogenetic aspects on the neuroendocrine system. Nord. Psykiat. Tidskr. 1985; 39(Suppl. 11)21–30
   Google Scholar
• Gerner R. H., Yamada T. Altered neuropeptide concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric patients. Brain Res. 1982; 238: 298–302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gjerris A., Rafaelsen O. J., Sorensen A. S., Bryld E. B., Lykke-Olesen L., Werdelin L., Rehfeld J. F. 1985 Cholecystokinin and other neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in psychiatric disorders. Nord. Psykiat. Tidskr. 1985; 39(Suppl. 11)45–49
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein A., James I. F. Multiple opioid receptors. Criteria for identification and classification. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1984; 5: 503–505
   Google Scholar
• Govoni S., Hong J. S., Yang H. Y.T., Costa E. Increase in neurotensin content elicited by neuroleptics in nucleus accumbens. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1980; 215: 413–417
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guillemin R. Peptides in the brain: The new endocrinology of the neuron. Science 1978; 202: 390–402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemin R., Rosenberg B. Humoral hypothalamic control of anterior pituitary. A study with combined tissue cultures. Endocrinology 1955; 57: 599–607
   Google Scholar
• Gunne L. M., Lindstrom L., Sjostrom R., Terenius L., Wahlstrom A., Widerlov E., Ost L.-G. Aktuell psykosforskning kring endorfinerna. Lakartidningen 1978; 75: 2865–2867
   Google Scholar
• Gusella J. F., Wexler N. S., Conneally P. M., Naylor S. L., Anderson M. A., Tanzi R. E., Watkins P. C., Ottina K., Wallace M. R., Sakaguchi A. Y., Young A. B., Shoulson I., Bonilla E., Martin J. B. A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntington's disease. Nature 1983; 306: 234–238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays S. E., Goodwin F. K., Paul S. M. Cholecystokinin receptors are decreased in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex of Huntington's disease. Brain Res. 1981; 225: 452–456
   Google Scholar
• Hokfelt T., Johansson O., Goldstein M. Chemical anatomy of the brain. Science 1984a; 225: 1326–1334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hokfelt T., Fried G., Hansen S., Johansson O., Ljungdahl A., Lundberg J. M., Schultzberg M. Nervceller kan ha mer an en signalsubstans: Koexistens klassiska transmittorer- peptider. Lakar-tidningen 1984b; 81: 4933–4939
   Google Scholar
• Iversen L. L. Nonopioid neuropeptides in mammalian CNS. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1983; 23: 1–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones M. T., Hillhouse E. W. Neurotransmitter regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor in vitro. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1977; 297: 536–560
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalivas P. V., Widerlov E., Stanley D., Breese G. R., Prange A. J., Jr. Enkephalin action on the mesolimbic system: A dopamine-dependent and a dopamine-independent increase in locomotor activity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1983; 227: 229–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson I., Widerlov E., Melin E., Nyth A.-L., Brane G., Rybo E., Rehfeld J., Bissette G., Nemeroff C. B. Changes in CSF neuropeptides after environmental stimulation in dementia. Nord. Psykiat. Tidskr. 1985, in press
   Google Scholar
• Kastin A. J., Ehrensing R. H., Schalch D. S., Anderson M. S. Improvement in mental depression with decreased thyrotropin response after administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Lancet 1972; ii: 740–742
   Google Scholar
• Kastin A. J., Ehrensing R. H., Olson R. D., Coy D. H. Neurological effects of MIF-I, MSH and opiate peptides in clinical studies. Int. J. Neurol. 1980; 14: 205–209
   Google Scholar
• Kirkegaard C, Faber J., Hummer L., Rogowski P. Increased levels of TRH in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with endogenous depression. Psychoneuroendocrinol. 1979; 4: 227–235
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleinman J. E., Karoum F., Rosenblatt J., Gillin J. C., Hong J., Bridge T. P., Zalcman S., Storch F., del Carmen R., Wyatt R. J. Catecholamines and peptides in postmortem schizophrenic brains. Biological Psychiatry 1981, C. Perris, G. Struwe, B. Jansson. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam 1981; 711–714
   Google Scholar
• Kohler J., Schroter E., Cramer H. Soma-tostatin-like immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients. Arch. Psychiatr. Ner-venkr. 1982; 231: 503–508
   Google Scholar
• Lindstrom L. H., Widerlov E., Gunne L. M., Wahl-Strom A., Terenius L. Endorphins in human cerebrospinal fluid: clinical correlations to some psychotic states. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1978; 57: 153–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrom L. H., Besev G., Gunne L. M., Sjostrom R., Terenius L., Wahlstrom A., Wistedt B. Cerebrospinal fluid content of endorphins in schizophrenia. Endorphins and Opiate Antagonists in Psychiatric Research, Shah, Donald. Plenum Publishing corporation, New York 1982; 245–256
   Google Scholar
• Lundberg J. M., Hokfelt T. Coexistence of peptides and classical neurotransmitters. Trends Neurosci. 1983; 6: 325–333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg J. M., Lundblad L., Martling C.-R., Anggard A. Peptiderga mekanismer i sensor-iska, parasympatiska och sympatiska nerver. Lakar-tidningen 1984; 81: 4939–4943
   Google Scholar
• Manberg P. J., Youngblood W. W., Nemeroff C. B., Rossor M., Iversen L. L., Prange A. J., Jr, Kizer J. S. Regional distribution of neurotensin in human brain. J. Neurochem. 1982; 38: 1777–1780
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meyer D. K., Krauss J. Dopamine modulates cholecystokinin release in neostriatum. Nature 1983; 301: 338–340
   Google Scholar
• Murphy D. L., Campbell I., Costa J. L. Current status of the indolamine hypothesis of the affective disorders. Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress, M. A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, K. F. Killam. Raven Press, New York 1978; 1235–1247
   Google Scholar
• Nemeroff C. B. Neurotensin: Perchance an endogenous neuroleptic? Biol. Psychiat. 1980; 15: 283–302
   Google Scholar
• Nemeroff C. B., Luttinger D., Hernandez D. E., Mailman R. B., Mason G. A., Davis S. D., Widerlov E., Frye G. D., Kilts C D, Beaumont K., Breese G. R., Prange A. J., Jr. Interactions of neurotensin with brain dopamine systems: Biochemical and behavioral studies. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1983a; 225: 337–345
   Google Scholar
• Nemeroff C. B., Manberg P. J., Widerlov E., Young-Blood W. W., Kizer J. S., Prange A. J., Jr. Neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid and postmortem brain tissue of schizophrenics, Huntington's choreics, and normal controls. Psychopharma-col. Bull. 1983b; 19: 369–374
   Google Scholar
• Nemeroff C. B., Kalivas P. W., Golden R. N., Prange A. J., Jr. Behavioral effects of hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones, neurotensin, substance P and other neuropeptides. Pharmacol. Ther. 1984a; 24: 1–56
   Google Scholar
• Nemeroff C. B., Widerlov E., Bissette G., Walleus H., Karlsson I., Eklund K., Kilts C D., Vale W., Loosen P. T. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cortico tropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in major depression. Science 1984b; 226: 1342–1344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olschowka J. A., O'Donohue T. L., Mueller G. P., Jacobowitz D. M. The distribution of corticotropin releasing factorlike immunoreactive neurons in rat brain. Peptides 1982; 3: 995–1015
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oram J. J., Edwardson J., Millard P. H. Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides in idiopathic senile dementia. Gerontology 1981; 27: 216–223
   Google Scholar
• Pearse A. G.E. Peptides in brain and intestine. Nature 1976; 262: 92–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post R. M., Gold P., Rubinow D. R., Ballenger J. C., Bunney W. E., Jr, Goodwin F. K. Peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuropsychiatric patients: An approach to central nervous system peptide function. Life Sci. 1982; 31: 1–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter D. D., Furshpan E. J., Landis S. C. Multipletransmitter status and Dale's principle. Neurosci. Comment. 1981; 1: 1–9
   Google Scholar
• Prange A. J., Jr, Loosen P. T. Peptides in depression. Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 1984; 39: 127–145
   Google Scholar
• Prange A. J., Jr, Wilson J. C., Lara P. P., Alltop L. B., Breese G. R. Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression. Lancet 1972; ii: 999–1002
   Google Scholar
• Rimon R., Terenius L., Kampman R. Cerebrospinal fluid endorphins in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiat. Scand. 1980; 61: 395–403
   Google Scholar
• Roberts G. W., Woodhams P. L., Polak J. M., Crow T. J. Distribution of neuropeptides in the limbic system of the rat: The amygdaloid complex. Neuroscience 1982; 7: 99–131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts G. W., Ferrier I. N., Lee Y., Crow T. J., Johnstone E. C., Owens D. G.C., Bacarese-Hamil-Ton A. J., Mc Gregor G., O'Shaughnessey D., Polak J. M., Bloom S. R. Peptides, the limbic lobe and schizophrenia. Brain Res. 1983; 288: 199–211
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossor M. N., Emson P. C., Iversen L. L., Mountjoy C. Q., Roth M., . Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Disease: A Report of Progress, S. Aging, Corkin, et al. Raven, New York 1982; Vol. 19: 15–24, 19
   Google Scholar
• Rubinow D. R., Gold P. W., Post R. M., Ballenger J. C., Cowdry R., Bollinger J., Reichlin S. CSF somatostatin in affective illness. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 1983; 40: 409–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saffran M., Schally A. V. The release of corticotropin by anterior pituitary tissue in vitro. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 1955; 33: 308–315
   Google Scholar
• Schally A. V. Aspects of hypothalamic regulation of the pituitary gland. Science 1978; 202: 18–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schildkraut J. J. The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence. Am. J. Psychiat. 1965; 122: 509–522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeman P. Nomenclature of central and peripheral dopaminergic sites and receptors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1982; 31: 2563–2568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder S. H. Brain peptides as neurotransmitters. Science 1980; 209: 976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder S. H., Banarjee S. P., Yamamura H. J., Greenberg D. Drugs, neurotransmitters, and schizophrenia. Science 1974; 184: 1243–1253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen K. V., Christensen S. E., Dupont E., Hansen A. P., Pedersen E., Orskov H. Low somatostatin content in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1980; 61: 186–191
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer R. L., Endicott J., Robins E. Research Diagnostic criteria. Rationale and reliability. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1978; 35: 773–782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terenius L., Wahlstrom S., Lindstrom L., Widerlov E. Increased CSF levels of endorphines in chronic psychosis. Neurosci. Lett. 1976; 3: 157–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinklenberg J. R., Thornton J. E. Neuropeptides in geriatric psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 1983; 19: 198–211
   Google Scholar
• Uhl G. R., Kuhar M. J. Chronic neuroleptic treatment enhances neurotensin receptor binding in human and rat substantia nigra. Nature 1984; 309: 350–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vale W., Speiss J., Rivier C., Rivier J. Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and fi-endorphin. Science 1981; 213: 1394–1397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versteeg D. H. Neurohypophyseal hormones and brain neurochemistry. Pharmac. Ther. 1983; 19: 297–325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widerlov E. Vaxelspel mellan neuropeptider och monoaminer - i obalans vid psykiska sjukdomar?. Lakartidningen 1984; 81: 4943–4946
   Google Scholar
• Widerlov E., Sjostrom R. Thyreoidea och depression. En oversikt over hormonbehandling vid depressioner med tonvikt lagd pa TRH:s roll som ett eventuellt antidepressivum och diagnosinstrument. Nord. Psykiat. Tidskr. 1975; 29: 487–502
   Google Scholar
• Widerlov E., Kilts C D., Mailman R. B., Nemeroff C. B., Mc Cown T. J., Prange A. J., Jr, Breese G. R. Increase in dopaminergic metabolites in rat brain by neurotensin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1982a; 222: 1–6
   Google Scholar
• Widerlov E., Lindstrom L. H., Besev G., Manberg P. J., Nemeroff C. B., Breese G. R., Kizer J. S., Prange A. J., Jr. Subnormal cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurotensin in a subgroup of schizophrenics: Normalization after neuroleptic treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry 1982b; 139: 1122–1126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widerlov E., Walleus H., Bissette G., Loosen P. T., Kilts C D, Vale W., Nemeroff C. B. Corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in normal controls and major depression: Relationship to CSF monoamine metabolites, DST and TRH stimulation test results. Soc. Neuroscience, Abstr. 1984; 10: 1093
   Google Scholar
• de Wied D., van Ree J. M. Neuropeptides, mental performance and aging. Life Sci. 1982; 31: 709–719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witter A., Gispen W. H., de Wied D. Mechanisms of action of behaviourally active ACTH-like peptides. Endogenous Peptides and Learning and Memory processes, J. Martinez, Jr, R. A. Jensen, R. B. Messing, H. Rigter, McGaugh. Academic Press, New York 1981; 37–52
   Google Scholar
• Wood P. L., Etienne P., Lai S., Gauthier S., Cajal S., Nair N. P.V. Reduced lumbar CSF somatostatin levels in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci. 1982; 31: 2073–2079
   Google Scholar