Avian B Cell Development

References

• Arakawa H., Furusawa S., Ekino S., Yamagishi H. “Immunoglobulin gene hyperconversion ongoing in chicken splenic germinal centers”. EMBO J. 1996; 15: 2540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asakawa J., Tsiagbe V. K., Thorbecke G. J. “Protection against apoptosis in chicken bursa cells by phorbol ester in vitro”. Cell. Immunol. 1993; 147: 180
   Google Scholar
• Benatar T., Tkalec L., Ratcliffe M. J. H. “Stochastic rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable-region genes in chicken B-cell development”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992; 89: 7615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird J. M., Kimber S. J. “Oligosaccharides containing fucose linked α(1–3) and α(1–4) to N-acetylglucosamine cause decompaction of mouse morulae”. Dev. Biol. 1984; 104: 449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boise L. H., Gonzalez-Garcia M., Postema C. E., Ding L., Lindsten T., Turka L. A., Mao X., Nunez G., Thompson C. B. “bcl-x a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of cell death”. Cell 1993; 74: 597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucchini D., Reynaud C. -A., Ripoche M. A., Grimal H., Jami J., Weill J. -C. “Rearrangement of a chicken immunoglobulin gene occurs in the lymphoid lineage of transgenic mice”. Nature 1987; 326: 409
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buerstedde J. -M., Takeda S. “Increased ratio of targeted to random integration after transfection of chicken B cell lines”. Cell 1991; 67: 179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson L. M., Mc Cormick W. T., Postema C. E., Humphries E. H., Thompson C. B. “Templated insertions in the rearranged chicken IgL Vgene Segment arise by intrachromosomal gene conversion”. Genes Dev. 1990; 4: 536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson L. M., Oettinger M. A., Schatz D. G., Masteller E. L., Hurley E. A., Mc Cormack W. T., Baltimore D., Thompson C. B. “Selective expression of RAG-2 in chicken B cells undergoing immunoglobulin gene conversion”. Cell 1991; 64: 201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazals-Hatem D. L., Louie D. C., Tanaka S., Reed J. C. “Molecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis of cDNA encoding chicken homologue of the Bcl-2 oncoprotein”. Biochimica et Biophsica Acta 1992; 1132: 109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao D. T., Linette G. P., Boise L. H., White L. S., Thompson C. B., Korsmeyer S. J. “Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 repress a common pathway of cell death”. J. Exp. Med. 1995; 182: 821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper M. D., Cain W. A., Van Alten P. J., Good R. A. “Development and function of the immunoglobulin producing system. I. Effect of bursectomy at different stages of development on germinal centers, plasma cells, immunoglobulins and antibody production”. Int. Arch. Allergy 1969; 35: 242
   Google Scholar
• Eguchi Y., Ewert D. L., Tsujimoto Y. “Isolation and characterization of the chicken bcl-2 gene: expression in a variety of tissues including lymphoid and neuronal organs in adult and embryo”. Nuc. Acids. Res. 1992; 20: 4187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eskola J., Toivanen P. “Effect of in ovo treatment with cyclophosphamide on lymphoid system in chicken”. Cell. Immunol. 1974; 13: 459
   Google Scholar
• Funk P. E., Thompson C. B. “Current concepts in chicken B cell development”. Curr. Top. Microb. Immunol. 1996; 212: 18
   Google Scholar
• Garcia I., Martinou I., Tsujimoto Y., Martinou J. -C. “Prevention of programmed cell death of sympathetic neurons by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene”. Science 1992; 258: 302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossi C. E., Lydyard P. M., Cooper M. D. “B-cell ontogeny in the chicken”. Ann. Immunol. 1976; 127: 931
   Google Scholar
• Houssaint E., Belo M., Le, Douarin N. M. “Investigations on cell lineage and tissue interactions in the developing bursa of Fabricius through interspecific chimeras”. Develop. Biol. 1976; 53: 250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houssaint E., Torano A., Ivanyi J. “Ontogenic restriction of colonization of the bursa of Fabricius”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1983; 13: 590
   Google Scholar
• Houssaint E. “Cell lineage segregation during bursa of Fabricius ontogeny”. J. Immunol. 1987; 138: 3626
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houssaint E., Lassila O., Vainio O. “Bu-1 antigen expression as a marker for B cell precursors in chicken embryos”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1989; 19: 239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalkanen S., Granfors K., Jalkanen M., Toivanen P. “Immune capacity of the chicken bursectomized at 60 hours of incubation: Failure to produce immune, natural, and autoantibodies in spite of immunoglobulin production”. Cell. Immunol. 1983; 80: 363
   Google Scholar
• Jalkanen S., Jalkanen M., Granfors K., Toivanen P. “Defect in the generation of light-chain diversity in bursectomized chickens”. Nature 1984; 311: 69
   Google Scholar
• Kim S., Humphries E. H., Tjoelker L., Carlson L., Thompson C. B. “Ongoing diversification of the rearranged immunoglobulin light-chain gene in a bursal lymphoma cell line”. Mol. Cel. Biol. 1990; 10: 3224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight K. L., Crane M. A. “Generating the antibody repertoire in rabbit”. Adv. Immunol. 1994; 56: 179
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lassila O., Eskola J., Toivanen P. “Prebursal stem cells in the intraembryonic mesenchyme of the chick embryo at 7 days of incubation”. J. Immunol. 1979; 123: 2091
   Google Scholar
• Lassila O., Martin C., Dieterlen-Lievre F., Gilmour D. G., Eskola J., Toivanen P. “Migration of prebursal stem cells from the early chicken embryo to the yolk sac”. Scand. J. Immunol. 1982; 16: 265
   Google Scholar
• Lassila O. “Emigration of B cells from the chicken bursa of Fabricius”. Eur. J. Immunol 1989; 19: 995
   Google Scholar
• Lauster R., Reynaud C. -A., Martensson I. -L., Peter A., Bucchici D., Jauri J., Weill J. -C. “Promoter, enhancer and silencer elements regulate rearrangement of an immunoglobulin transgene”. EMBO J. 1993; 12: 4615
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le Douarin N. M., Houssaint E., Jotereau F. V., Belo M. “Origin of hemopoietic stem cells in embryonic bursa of Fabricius and bone marrow studied through interspecific chimeras”. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 1975; 72: 2701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis S. M. “The mechanism of V(D)J joining: Lessons from molecular, immunological, and compartive analyses. Adv. Immunol. 1994; 56: 27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lydyard P. M., Grossi C. E., Cooper M. D. “Ontogeny of B cells in the chicken”. J. Exp. Med. 1976; 144: 79
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maizels N. “Somatic hypermutation: how many mechanisms diversity V region sequences?”. Cell 1995; 83: 9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mansikka A., Jalkanen S., Sandberg M., Granfors K., Lassila O., Toivanen P. “Bursectomy of chicken embryos at 60 hours of incubation leads to an oligoclonal B cell compartment and restricted Ig diversity”. J. Immunol. 1990a; 145: 3601
   Google Scholar
• Mansikka A., Sandberg M., Lassila O., Toivanen P. “Rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain genes in the chicken occurs prior to colonization of the embryonic bursa of Fabricius”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990b; 87: 9416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansikka A., Toivanen P. “D-D recombination diversifies the CDR3 region of chicken immunoglobulin heavy chains”. Scand. J. Immunol. 1991; 33: 543
   Google Scholar
• Masteller E. L., Larsen R., Carlson L. M., Pickel J. M., Nickoloff B., Lowe J., Thompson C. B., Lee K. P. “Chicken B cells undergo discrete developmental changes in surface carbohydrate structure that appear to play a role in directing lymphocyte migration during embryogenesis”. Development 1995a; 121: 1657
   Google Scholar
• Masteller E. L., Lee K. P., Carlson L. M., Thompson C. B. “Expression of sialyl Lewisx and Lewisx defines distinct stages of chicken B cell maturation”. J. Immunol. 1995b; 155: 5550
   Google Scholar
• Mc Cormack W. T., Carlson L. M., Tjoelker L. W., Thompson C. B. “Evolutionary comparison of the avian IgL locus: combinatorial diversity plays a role in the generation of the antibody repertoire in some avian species”. Int. Immunol. 1989a; 1: 332
   Google Scholar
• Mc Cormack W., T Tjoelker L. W., Barth C. F., Carlson L. M., Petryniak B., Humphries E. H., Thompson C. B. Selection for B cells with productive IgL gene rearrangements occurs in the bursa of Fabricius during chicken embryonic development. Genes & Dev. 1989b; 3: 838
   Google Scholar
• Mc Cormack W. T., Tjoelker L. W., Carlson L. M., Petryniak B., Barth C. F., Humphries E. H., Thompson E. H. “Chicken IgL gene rearrangement involves deletion of a circular episome and addition of single nonrandom nucleotides to both coding segments”. Cell 1989c; 56: 785
   Google Scholar
• Mc Cormack W. T., Thompson C. B. “Chicken IgL variable region gene conversions display pseudogene donor preference and 5′ to 3′ polarity”. Genes Dev. 1990a; 4: 548
   Google Scholar
• Mc Cormack W. T., Thompson C. B. “Somatic diversification of the chicken immunoglobulin light-chain gene”. Adv. Immunol. 1990b; 48: 41
   Google Scholar
• Mc Cormack W. T., Tjoelker L. W., Thompson C. B. “Immunoglobulin gene diversification by gene conversion”. Prog, in Nucleic Acid Res. 1993; 45: 27
   Google Scholar
• Merino R., Ding L., Veis D. J., Korsmeyer S. J., Nunez G. “Developmental regulation of the Bcl-2 protein and susceptibility to cell death in B lymphocytes”. EMBO J. 1994; 13: 683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meselson M. S., Radding C. M. “A general model for genetic recombination”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1975; 72: 358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore M. A. S., Owen J. J. T. “Experimental studies on the development of the bursa of Fabricius”. Develop. Biol. 1966; 14: 40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motyka B., Reynolds J. D. “Apoptosis is associated with the extensive B cell death in the sheep ileal Peyer's patch and the chicken bursa of Fabricius: a possible role in B cell selection”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1991; 21: 1951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata S. “Apoptosis-mediating Fas antigen and its natural mutation”. Apoptosis II. The Molecular Basis of Apoptosis in Disease, L. D. Tomei, F. O. Cope. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Plainview, NY 1994; 313–326
   Google Scholar
• Neiman P., Wolf C., Enrietto P. J., Cooper G. M. “A retroviral myc gene induces preneoplastic transformation of lymphocytes in a bursal transplantation assay”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1985; 82: 222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neiman P. E., Thomas S. J., Loring G. “Induction of apoptosis during normal and neoplastic B-cell development in the bursa of Fabricius”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 5857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neiman P. E. “Retrovirus-induced B cell neoplasia in the bursa of Fabricius”. Adv. Immunol. 1994; 56: 467
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neiman P., Blish EC., Heydt C., Loring G., Thomas S. J. “Loss of cell cycle controls in apoptotic lymphoblasts of the bursa of Frabricius”. Mol. Biol. Cell 1994; 5: 763
   Google Scholar
• Nunez G., London L., Hockenbery D., Alexander M., Mc Kearn J. P., Korsmeyer S. J. “Deregulated bcl-2 gene expression selectively prolongs survival of growth factor-deprived hemopoietic cell lines”. J. Immunol. 1990; 144: 3602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olah I., Glick B. “The number and size of the follicular epithelium and follicles in the bursa of Fabricius”. Poult. Sci. 1978; 57: 1445
   Google Scholar
• Paramithiotis E., Ratcliffe M. J. H. “Bursa-dependent subpopulations of peripheral B lymphocytes in chicken blood”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1993; 23: 96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paramithiotis E., Jacobsen K. A., Ratcliffe M. J. H. “Loss of surface immunoglobulin expression precedes B cell death by apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius”. J. Exp. Med. 1995; 181: 105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavari R., Ziv E., Lantner F., Heller D., Schechtner I. “Somatic diversification of chicken immunoglobulin light chains by point mutations”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990; 87: 3072
   Google Scholar
• Picket J. M., Mc Cormack W. T., Chen C. L. -H., Cooper M. D., Thompson C. B. “Differential regulation of V(D)J recombination during development of avian B and T cells”. Int. Immunol. 1993; 5: 919
   Google Scholar
• Pink J. R., Vainio O., Rijnbeek A. -M. “Clones of B lymphocytes in individual follicles of the bursa of Fabricius”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1985; 15: 83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radding C. M., Flory J., Wu A., Kahn R., Das Gupta C., Gonda D., Bianchi M., Tsang S. S. “Three phases in homologous pairing: polymerization of rec A protein on single stranded DNA, synapsis, and polar strand exchange”. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 1982; 47: 8211
   Google Scholar
• Ratcliffe M. J. H., Lassila O., Pink J. R. L., Vainio O. “Avian B cell precursors: surface immunoglobulin expression is an early, possibly bursa-independent event”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1986; 16: 129
   Google Scholar
• Ratcliffe M. J. H., Tkalec L. “Cross-linking of the surface immunoglobulin on lymphocytes from the bursa of Fabricius results in second messenger generation”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990; 20: 1073
   Google Scholar
• Reynaud C. -A., Anquez V., Dahan A., Weill J. -C. “A single rearrangement event generates most of the chicken immunoglobulin light chain diversity”. Cell 1985; 40: 283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud C. -A., Anquez V., Grimal H., Weill J. -C. “A hyperconversion mechanism generates the chicken light chain preimmune repertoire”. Cell 1987; 48: 379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud C. -A., Dahan A., Anquez V., Weill J. -C. “Somatic hyperconversion diversifies the single VH gene of the chicken with a high incidence in the D region”. Cell 1989; 59: 171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud C. -A., Anques V., Weill J. -C. “The chicken D locus and its contribution to the immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1991; 21: 2661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynaud C. -A., Imhof B. A., Anques V., Weill J. -C. “Emergence of committed B lymphoid progenitors in the developing chicken embryo”. EMBO J. 1992; 11: 4349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun H., Treco D., Szostak J. W. “Extensive 3′-overhanging, single-stranded DNA associated with the meiosis-specific double-strand breaks at the ARG4 recombination initiation site”. Cell 1991; 64: 1155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szostak J. W., Orr-Weaver T. L., Rothstein R. J., Stahl F. W. “The double-strand-break repair model for recombination”. Cell 1983; 33: 25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson C. B., Neiman P. E. “Somatic diversification of the chicken immunoglobulin light chain gene is limited to the rearranged variable gene segment”. Cell 1987; 48: 369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson C., Humphries E. H., Carlson L. M., Chen C.-L. H., Neiman P. E. “The effect of alterations in myc gene expression on B cell development in the bursa of Fabricius”. Cell 1987; 51: 371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson C. B. “Creation of immunoglobulin diversity by intrachromosomal gene conversion”. Trends in Genetics 1992; 8: 416
   Google Scholar
• Thompson C. B. “New insights into V(D)J recombination and Its role in the evolution of the immune system”. Immunity 1995; 3: 1
   Google Scholar
• Tjoelker L. W. “The Muscovy duck immunoglobulin light chain locus, A unique model of gene rearrangement and diversification”. University of Michigan 1991
   Google Scholar
• Toivanen P., Toivanen A. “Bursal and postbursal stem cells in chicken. Functional characteristics”. Eur. J. Immunol. 1973; 3: 585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonegawa S. “Somatic generation of antibody diversity”. Science 1983; 241: 577
   Google Scholar
• Varki A. “Selectin ligands”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994; 91: 7390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaux L., Cory S., Adams J. M. “Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells”. Nature 1988; 335: 440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber W. T., Mausner R. “Migration patterns of avian embryonic bone marrow cells and their differentiation to functional T and B cells”. Avian Immunology, A. A. Benedict. Plenum Press, New York 1977; 47
   Google Scholar
• Weber W., Foglia L. “Evidence for the presence of precursor B cells in normal and in hormonally bursectomized chick embryos”. Cell. Immumol. 1980; 52: 84
   Google Scholar
• Weill J. -C., Reynaud C. -A. “Early B-cell development in chickens, sheep and rabbits”. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1992; 4: 177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar