Effect of ionized serum calcium on outcomes in acute kidney injury needing renal replacement therapy: secondary analysis of the acute renal failure trial network study

References

• Hill-Eubanks DC, Werner ME, Heppner TJ, Nelson MT. Calcium signaling in smooth muscle. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011;3:a004549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Fellner SK, Neumann A, Bushinsky DA, Borow KM. Left ventricular contractility varies directly with blood ionized calcium. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:524–529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JB. Calcium homeostasis in smooth muscle cells. New Horiz. 1996;4:2–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maynard JC, Cruz C, Kleerekoper M, Levin NW. Blood pressure response to changes in serum ionized calcium during hemodialysis. Ann Int Med. 1986;104:358–361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henrich WL, Hunt JM, Nixon JV. Increased ionized calcium and left ventricular contractility during hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:19–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer W, Wizemann V, Thormann J, Bechthold A, Schutterle G, Lasch HG. Mechanisms of altered myocardial contractility during hemodialysis: importance of changes in the ionized calcium to plasma potassium ratio. Klin Wochenschr. 1985;63:272–278
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaudhuri TK, Chaudhuri Tu H. Calcium phosphate colloid: possible nidus for metastatic calcification in hypercalcemia. JAMA. 1972;222:1061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman TE, Muller NL, Primack SL, et al. Metastatic pulmonary calcification in patients with hypercalcemia: findings on chest radiographs and CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;162:799–802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr DN. Hypercalcemia and metastatic calcification. Cardiovasc Res. 1997;36:293–297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H, Curinga G, Giachelli CM. Elevated extracellular calcium levels induce smooth muscle cell matrix mineralization in vitro. Kidney Int. 2004;66:2293–2299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruana RJ, Buckalew VM Jr. The syndrome of distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis. Clinical and laboratory findings in 58 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1988;67:84–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiewiet RM, Ponssen HH, Janssens EN, Fels PW. Ventricular fibrillation in hypercalcaemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism. Neth J Med. 2004;62:94–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O'Connor TZ, et al. Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:7–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palevsky PM, O'Connor T, Zhang JH, Star RA, Smith MW. Design of the VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network (ATN) Study: intensive versus conventional renal support in acute renal failure. Clin Trials. 2005;2:423–435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egi M, Kim I, Nichol A, et al. Ionized calcium concentration and outcome in critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:314–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirjian S, Chertow GM, Zhang JH, et al. Model to predict mortality in critically ill adults with acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:2114–2120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, et al. Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1982;10:848–851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai TK, Carlson RW, Geheb MA. Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting. Am J Med. 1988;84:209–214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ. Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:689–698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastbacka J, Pettila V. Prevalence and predictive value of ionized hypocalcemia among critically ill patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003;47:1264–1269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchard KW, Gann DS, Colliton J, Forster J. Ionized calcium, parathormone, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg. 1990;212:543–549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlstedt F, Lind L, Rastad J, Stjernstrom H, Wide L, Ljunghall S. Parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium levels are related to the severity of illness and survival in critically ill patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 1998;28:898–903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aderka D, Schwartz D, Dan M, Levo Y. Bacteremic hypocalcemia. A comparison between the calcium levels of bacteremic and nonbacteremic patients with infection. Arch Int Med. 1987;147:232–236
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor B, Sibbald WJ, Edmonds MW, Holliday RL, Williams C. Ionized hypocalcemia in critically ill patients with sepsis. Can J Surg. 1978;21:429–433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaloga GP, Chernow B. The multifactorial basis for hypocalcemia during sepsis. Studies of the parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis. Ann Int Med. 1987;107:36–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song SK, Karl IE, Ackerman JJ, Hotchkiss RS. Increased intracellular Ca2+: a critical link in the pathophysiology of sepsis? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:3933–3937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly A, Levine MA. Hypocalcemia in the critically ill patient. J Intensive Care Med. 2013;28:166--177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlon GC, Howland WS, Kahn RC, Schweizer O. Calcium chloride administration in normocalcemic critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1980;8:209–212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Matsumori A. Calcium channel blockers and modulation of innate immunity. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011;24:254–258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlstedt F, Eriksson M, Kiiski R, Larsson A, Lind L. Hypocalcemia during porcine endotoxemic shock: effects of calcium administration. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:2909–2914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda S. Protective effects of calcium antagonist (nitrendipine) on calcium ionophore A23187-induced liver cell injury. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ. 1991;38:35–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steinhorn DM, Sweeney MF, Layman LK. Pharmacodynamic response to ionized calcium during acute sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1990;18:851–857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li GY, Fan B, Zheng YC. Calcium overload is a critical step in programmed necrosis of ARPE-19 cells induced by high-concentration HO. Biomed Environ Sci. 2010;23:371–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsythe RM, Wessel CB, Billiar TR, Angus DC, Rosengart MR. Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD006163
   Google Scholar