References
- Matsumoto Y, Amano I, Hirose S, et al. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on renal anemia in poor responders to erythropoietin. Blood Purif. 2001;19:24–32
- Wanic-Kossowska M, Kazmierski M, Pawliczak E, et al. Combined therapy with L-carnitine and erythropoietin of anemia in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2007;117(1–2):14–19
- Kadiroglu AK, Yilmaz ME, Sit D, et al. The evaluation of postdialysis L-carnitine administration and its effect on weekly requiring doses of rHuEPO in hemodialysis patients. Renal Fail. 2005;27:367–372
- Nikolaos S, George A, Telemachos T, et al. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on red blood cells deformability in hemodialysis patients. Renal Fail. 2000;22:73–80
- Matsumura M, Hatakeyama S, Koni I, et al. Correlation between serum carnitine levels and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in hemodialysis patients. Nephron. 1996;72:574–578
- Arduini A, Rossi M, Mancinelli G, et al. Effect of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on the human erythrocyte membrane stability and deformability. Life Sci. 1990;47:2395–2400
- Labonia WD, Morelli Jr OH, Gimenez MI, et al. Effects of L-carnitine on sodium transport in erythrocytes from dialyzed uremic patients. Kidney Int. 1987;32:754–759
- Locatelli F, Pisoni RL, Combe C, et al. Anaemia in hemodialysis patients of five European countries: Association with morbidity and mortality in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:121–132
- Lang F, Lang E, Föller M. Physiology and pathophysiology of eryptosis. Transfus Med Hemother. 2012;39(5):308–314
- Sato Y, Mizuguchi T, Shigenaga S, et al. Shortened red blood cell lifespan is related to the dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents requirement in patients on hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2012;16(6):522–528
- Bonomini M, Sirolli V, Reale M, et al. Involvement of phosphatidylserine exposure in the recognition and phagocytosis of uremic erythrocytes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:807–814
- Bonomini M, Sirolli V, Gizzi F, et al. Enhanced adherence of human uremic erythrocytes to vascular endothelium: Role of phosphatidylserine exposure. Kidney Int. 2002;62:1358–1363
- Bonomini M, Sirolli V, Settefrati N, et al. Increased erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:1982–1990
- Ahmed MS, Langer H, Abed M, et al. The uremic toxin acrolein promotes suicidal erythrocyte death. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013;37(2–3):158–167
- Kitamura Y, Satoh K, Satoh T, et al. Effect of L-carnitine on erythroid colony formation in mouse bone marrow cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(5):981–984
- Matsumura M, Hatakeyama S, Koni I, et al. Effect of L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L-carnitine on erythroid colony formation in fetal mouse liver cell culture. Am J Nephrol. 1998;18(5):355–383
- Arduini A, Bonomin M, Elaine J, et al. Effect of L-carnitine administration on erythrocyte survival in hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21(9):2671–2672
- Mircescu G. Oxidative stress: An accomplice to uremic toxicity? J Ren Nutr. 2006;16(3):194–198
- Usberti M, Gerardi G, Bufano G, et al. Effects of erythropoietin and vitamin E-modified membrane on plasma oxidative stress markers and anemia of hemodialyzed patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40(3):590–599
- Agarwal R, Vasavada N, Sachs NG, et al. Oxidative stress and renal injury with intravenous iron in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2004;65(6):2279–2289
- Nagababu E, Gulyani S, Earley CJ, et al. Iron-deficiency anemia enhances red blood cell oxidative stress. Free Radic Res. 2008;42(9):824–829
- Yürekli Y, Unak P, Yenisey C, et al. L-carnitine protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats: Comparison with amifostin using quantitative renal Tc 99m DMSA uptake. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 2011;20(1):1–6
- Arafa HM. Carnitine deficiency aggravates carboplatin nephropathy through deterioration of energy status, oxidant/anti-oxidant balance, and inflammatory endocoids. Toxicology. 2008;254(1–2):51–60
- Boonsanit D, Kanchanapangka S, Buranakarl C. L-carnitine ameliorates doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats. Nephrology (Carlton). 2006;11:313–320
- Ustundag S, Sen S, Yalcin O. L-carnitine ameliorates glycerol-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure in rats. Ren Fail. 2009;31(2):124–133
- Al-Shabanah OA, Aleisa AM, Al-Yahya AA. Increased urinary losses of carnitine and decreased intramitochondrial coenzyme A in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25:69–76
- Sayed-Ahmed MM. Progression of cyclophosphamide-induced acute renal metabolic damage in carnitine-depleted rat model. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2010;14(5):418–426
- Boyacioglu M, Turgut H, Akgullu C, et al. The effect of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses of experimental contrast-induced nephropathy in rats. Vet Med Sci. 2014;76(1):1–8