A systematic review on randomized control trials on rennin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors role in managing hypertension among hemodialysis patients

References

• Christina G, Isam A, Charlotte E. The quality of reporting and outcome measures in randomized clinical trials related to upper-extremity disorders. J Hand Surg. 2004; 29A:727–734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnie S. Understanding controlled trials: Why are randomized controlled trials important? BMJ. 1998;316:201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Prevention of neural tube defects. Results of the medical research council vitamin study. Lancet. 1991;338:131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juni P, Altman DG, Egger M. Systematic reviews in health care: Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. BMJ. 2001;323:42–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassirer JP, Campion EW. Peer review. Crude and understudied, but indispensable. JAMA. 1994;272:96–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers I. Evaluating the effects of care during pregnancy and childbirth. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, eds. Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1989:137.
   Google Scholar
• Peter N, Van B, Jula KI. Hypertension and hemodialysis: Pathophysiology and outcomes in adult and pediatric populations. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012;27:339–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal R. Hypervolemia is associated with increased mortality among hemodialysis patients. Hypertension. 2010;56:512–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blankestijn PJ, Ligtenberg G. Volume-independent mechanisms of hypertension in hemodialysis patients: Clinical implications. Semin Dial. 2004;17:265–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichihara A, Hayashi M, Kaneshiro Y, et al. Low doses of losartan and trandolapril improve arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45:866–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI Clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45:S49–S59–S69–S75.
   Google Scholar
• Moist LM, Port FK, Orzol SM, et al. Predictors of loss of residual renal function among new dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000;11:556–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efrati S, Zaidenstein R, Dishy V, et al. ACE inhibitors and survival of hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:1023–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepel M, van der Giet M, Zidek W. Efficacy and tolerability of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in dialysis patients using AN69 dialysis membranes. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2001;24:71–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki H, Kanno Y, Kaneko K, et al. Comparison of the effects of angiotensin receptor antagonist, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and their combination on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy of diabetes type 2 patients on recent onset hemodialysis therapy. Ther Apher Dial. 2004;8:320–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altman DG, Bland JM. Statistics notes. Treatment allocation in controlled trials: Why randomise? BMJ. 1999;318:1209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agarwal R. Epidemiology of interdialytic ambulatory hypertension and the role of volume excess. Am J Nephrol. 2011;34:381–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tozawa M, Iseki K, Iseki C, Takishita S. Pulse pressure and risk of total mortality and cardiovascular events in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 2002;61:717–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K/DOQI Workgroup. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45:S1–S153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthias H, Till T, Peter M, Antje K, Reinhold K, Joachim B. Dialysis-associated hypertension treated with telmisartan – DiaTel: A pilot, placebo-controlled, crossover, randomized trial. PLoS One. 8:e79322. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079322
   Google Scholar
• Hiromichi S, Yoshihiko K, Keiko K, et al. Comparison of the effects of angiotensin receptor antagonist, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and their combination on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy of diabetes type 2 patients on recent onset hemodialysis therapy. Ther Apher Dialy. 8:320–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zannad F, Kessler M, Lehert P, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events in end-stage. renal disease: Results of a randomized trial of fosinopril and implications for future studies. Kidney Int. 2006;70:1318–1324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough PA, Sandberg KR, Yee J, et al. Mortality benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors after cardiac events in patients with end-stage renal disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2002;3:188–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiromichi S, Naofumi I, Yoshihiko K, et al. Effect of angiotensin receptor blockers on cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis: An open-label randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;52:501–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akihiko T, Hiroyuki T, Takayuki T, et al. Candesartan, an angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker, reduces cardiovascular events in patients on chronic hemodialysis a randomized study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:2507–2512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto T, Takase H, Toriyama T, et al. Increased circulating levels of natriuretic peptides predict future cardiac event in patients with chronic hemodialysis. Nephron. 2002;92:610–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannella G, Paoletti E, Delfino R, Peloso G, Rolla D, Molinari S. Prolonged therapy with ACE inhibitors induces a regression of left ventricular hypertrophy of dialyzed uremic patients independently from hypotensive effects. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30:659–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al. VALUE trial group. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine; the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet. 2004;363:2022–2031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal R. Hypertension and survival in chronic hemodialysis patients-past lessons and future opportunities. Kidney Int. 2005;67:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal R, Andersen MJ, Light RP. Location not quantity of blood pressure measurements predicts mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol. 2008;28:210–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Benedetto FA, Cottini E, Giacone G. CREED investigators. Prediction of left ventricular geometry by clinic, pre-dialysis and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring in hemodialysis patients: CREED investigators. J Hypertension. 1999;17:1751–1758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiolero A, Bovet P. Self-blood pressure measurement: A promising procedure but some issues remain unanswered. J Hum Hypertens. 2007;21:697–698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iseki K, Hisatomi A, Kentaro K, et al. Effects of angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with long-term haemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28:1589–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobuko M, Toshihiko I, Atsushi O, et al. Effects of imidapril on left ventricular mass in chronic hemodialysis patients. Hypertens Res. 2006;29:253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar