76
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The emergent dynamics of isotype switch

, &
Pages 294-303 | Published online: 14 Jan 2011

References

  • Harriman W, Volk H, Defranoux N, Wabl M. Immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Annu Rev Immunol. 1993; 11:361–384.
  • Snapper CM, Finkelman FF. 1998. Immunoglobulin class switching. In: Paul WE. editors. Fundamental immunology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven p 831–862.
  • Knothe R, Herrlinger JD, Muller-Ruchholtz W. B cell activity in rat bone marrow and spleen during primary and secondary response: Dependence on strength of antigen. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immun. 1979; 59:99–103.
  • Oellermann RA, Carter P, Marx MJ. Kinetics of the IgM and IgG immunological response to sheep erythrocytes and bluetongue virus in mice. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1976; 43:185–188.
  • Wortis HH, Taylor RB, Dresser DW. Antibody production studied by means of the LHG assay. Immunology. 1966; 11:609–616.
  • Sinclair NRSC. A comparison of primary and secondary haemolysin responses to sheep erythrocytes in neonatally thymectomized, sham-thymectomized and normal Swiss mice: A time-course study of total 19S and 7S antibody. Immunology. 1967; 12:559–564.
  • Kim YB, Bradley SG, Watson DW. Ontogeny of the immune response, II. Characterization of 19SgG- and 7SgG-immunoglobulin in the true Primary and secondary responses in piglets. J Immunol. 1966; 97:189–196.
  • LoSpalluto J, Miller WJr, Dorward B, Fink CW. The formation of macroglobulin antibodies. I. Studies on adult humans. J Clin Invest. 1962; 41:1415–1421.
  • Bauer DC, Mathies MJ, Stavitsky AB. Sequences of synthesis of g-1 macroglobulin and g-2 globulin antibodies during primary and secondary responses to proteins, salmonella antigens, and phage. J Exp Med. 1963; 117:889–907.
  • Weits J, de Gast GC, The TH, Esselink MT, Deelder AM, Petrovic M. Class-specific antibody titres (ELISA) against the primary immunogen Helix pomatiahaemocyanin (HPH) in man. Clin Exp Immunol. 1978; 32:443–450.
  • Sussdorf DH. Dynamics of the 19S and 7S hemolysin responses in rabbits. J Infect Dis. 1970; 121:545–594.
  • Rosenquist GL, Campbell GR. Characteristics of the 19S and 7S response to bacteriophage FX174 in the fowl. Immunology. 1996; 10:169–178.
  • Peacock DB, Jones JV, Gough M. The immune response to FX 174 in man. I. Primary and secondary antibody production in normal adults. Clin Exp Immunol. 1973; 13:497–513.
  • Falkoff RJM, Zhu L, Fauci AS. The relationship between immunizing and circulating antigen-specific plaque-forming cells. Cell Immunol. 1983; 78:392–399.
  • Celada F, Seiden PE. A computer model of cellular interactions in the immune system. Immunol Today. 1992; 13:56–62.
  • Seiden PE, Celada F. A model for simulating cognate recognition and response in the immune system. J Theor Biol. 1992; 158:329–357.
  • Celada F, Seiden PE. Affinity maturation and hypermutation in a simulation of the humoral immune response. Eur J Immunol. 1996; 26:1350–1358.
  • Lefevre O, Seiden PE, Celada F. Insights into rheumatoid factor production using a cellular automaton model of the immune system. Int J Appl Sci Comput. 1996; 3:32–47.
  • Stewart JJ, Agosto H, Litwin S, Welsh JD, Shlomchik M, Weigert M, Seiden PE. A solution to the rheumatoid factor paradox: Pathologic rheumatoid factors can be tolerized by competition with natural rheumatoid factors. J Immunol. 1997; 159:172–238.
  • Ciric B, Radulovic M, Dimitrijevic LJ, Jankov RM. Effect of valency on binding properties of the antihuman IgM monoclonal antibody 202. Hybridoma. 1995; 14:537–544.
  • Kang CY, Cheng HL, Rudikoff S, Kohler H. Idiotypic self binding of a dominant germline idiotype (T15). Autobody activity is affected by antibody valency. J Exp Med. 1987; 165:1332–1343.
  • Kipriyanov SM, Little M, Kropshofer H, Breitling F, Gotter S, Dubel S. Affinity enhancement of a recombinant antibody: Formation of complexes with multiple valency by a single-chain Fv fragment-core streptavidin fusion. Protein Eng. 1996; 59:203–211.
  • MacKenzie CR, Hirama T, Deng SJ, Bundle DR, Narang SA, Young NM. Analysis by surface plasmon resonance of the influence of valence on the ligand binding affinity and kinetics of an anti-carbohydrate antibody. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271:1527–1533.
  • Tarlinton DM, McLean M, Nossal GJ. B1 and B2 cells differ in their potential to switch immunoglobulin isotype. Eur J Immunol. 1995; 25:3388–3393.
  • Coffman RL, Lebman DA, Rothman P. Mechanism and regulation of immunoglobulin isotype switching. Adv Immunol. 1993; 54:229–270.
  • Vercelli D, Geha RS. Regulation of isotype switching. Curr Opin Immunol. 1992; 4:794–797.
  • Hodgkin PD, Lee JH, Lyons AB. B cell differentiation and isotype switching is related to division cycle number. J Exp Med. 1996; 184:277–281.
  • Fayette J, Dubois B, Vandenabeele S, Bridon JM, Vanbervliet B, Durand I, Banchereau J, Caux C, Briere F. Human dendritic cells skew isotype switching of CD40-activated naive B cells towards IgAl and IgA2. J Exp Med. 1997; 185:190–210.
  • Hasbold J, Lyons AB, Kehry MR, Hodgkin PD. Cell division number regulates IgGl and IgE switching of B cells following stimulation by CD40 ligand and EL-4. Eur J Immunol. 1998; 28:1040–1051.
  • Dubois B, Barthelemy C, Durand I, Liu YJ, Caux C, Briere F. Toward a role of dendritic cells in the germinal center reaction: Triggering of B cell proliferation and isotype switching. J Immunol. 1999; 162:3428–3436.
  • Ziegner M, Steinhauser G, Berek C. Development of antibody diversity in single germinal centers: Selective expansion of high-affinity variants. Eur J Immunol. 1994; 24 10: 2393–2400.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.