References
- Nozawa, K., M. Fujishiro, M. Kawasaki, et al. 2013. Inhibition of connective tissue growth factor ameliorates disease in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 65: 1477–1486
- Nozawa, K., M. Fujishiro, M. Kawasaki, et al. 2009. Connective tissue growth factor promotes articular damage by increased osteoclastogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11: R174
- Takigawa, M., T. Nakanishi, S. Kubota, and T. Nishida. 2003. Role of CTGF/HCS24/ecogenin in skeletal growth control. J. Cell. Physiol. 194: 256–266
- Kawai, M., and C. J. Rosen. 2012. The insulin-like growth factor system in bone: basic and clinical implications. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 41: 323–333, vi
- Collett-Solberg, P. F., and P. Cohen. 2000. Genetics, chemistry, and function of the IGF/IGFBP system. Endocrine 12: 121–136
- Rajaram, S., D. J. Baylink, and S. Mohan. 1997. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in serum and other biological fluids: regulation and functions. Endocr. Rev. 18: 801–831
- Giustina, A., G. Mazziotti, and E. Canalis. 2008. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and the skeleton. Endocr. Rev. 29: 535–559
- Feldmann, M., F. M. Brennan, and R. N. Maini. 1996. Rheumatoid arthritis. Cell 85: 307–310
- Paleolog, E. M. 2009. The vasculature in rheumatoid arthritis: cause or consequence? Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 90: 249–261
- Itoh, Y., H. Hayashi, K. Miyazawa, et al. 2007. 17beta-estradiol induces IL-1alpha gene expression in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synovial cells through estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and augmentation of transcriptional activity of Sp1 by dissociating histone deacetylase 2 from ERalpha. J. Immunol. 178: 3059–3066
- Arnett, F. C., S. M. Edworthy, D. A. Bloch, et al. 1988. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 31: 315–324
- Nakao, K., S. Kubota, H. Doi, et al. 2005. Collaborative action of M-CSF and CTGF/CCN2 in articular chondrocytes: possible regenerative roles in articular cartilage metabolism. Bone. 36: 884–892
- La Cava, A., C. Alviggi, and G. Matarese. 2004. Unraveling the multiple roles of leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. J. Mol. Med. (Berl.) 82: 4–11
- Salvi, R., V. Peclat, A. So, and N. Busso. 2000. Enhanced expression of genes involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis in murine arthritis. Arthritis Res. 2: 504–512
- Matsumoto, T., S. E. Gargosky, K. Iwasaki, and R. G. Rosenfeld. 1996. Identification and characterization of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP proteases in human synovial fluid. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81: 150–155
- Fernihough, J. K., M. E. Billingham, S. Cwyfan-Hughes, and J. M. Holly. 1996. Local disruption of the insulin-like growth factor system in the arthritic joint. Arthritis Rheum. 39: 1556–1565
- Neidel, J. 2001. Changes in systemic levels of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 19: 81–84
- Fournier, T., D. W. Riches, B. W. Winston, et al. 1995. Divergence in macrophage insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) synthesis induced by TNF-alpha and prostaglandin E2. J. Immunol. 155: 2123–2133
- Ueland, T. 2005. GH/IGF-I and bone resorption in vivo and in vitro. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 152: 327–332
- Mochizuki, H., Y. Hakeda, N. Wakatsuki, et al. 1992. Insulin-like growth factor-I supports formation and activation of osteoclasts. Endocrinology 131: 1075–1080
- Rooney, M., D. Condell, W. Quinlan, et al. 1988. Analysis of the histologic variation of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 31: 956–963
- Walsh, D. A., M. Wade, P. I. Mapp, and D. R. Blake. 1998. Focally regulated endothelial proliferation and cell death in human synovium. Am. J. Pathol. 152: 691–702
- Lund-Olesen, K. 1970. Oxygen tension in synovial fluids. Arthritis Rheum. 13: 769–776
- Koch, A. E., L. A. Harlow, G. K. Haines, et al. 1994. Vascular endothelial growth factor. A cytokine modulating endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol. 152: 4149–4156
- Semble, E. L., R. A. Turner, and E. L. McCrickard. 1985. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovial fluid effects on primary human endothelial cell cultures. J. Rheumatol. 12: 237–241
- LeRoith, D., H. Werner, D. Beitner-Johnson, and C. T. Roberts, Jr. 1995. Molecular and cellular aspects of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Endocr. Rev. 16: 143–163
- Himpe, E., and R. Kooijman. 2009. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signal transduction and the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Biofactors. 35: 76–81
- Kisseleva, T., S. Bhattacharya, J. Braunstein, and C. W. Schindler. 2002. Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges. Gene. 285: 1–24
- Yadav, A., A. Kalita, S. Dhillon, and K. Banerjee. 2005. JAK/STAT3 pathway is involved in survival of neurons in response to insulin-like growth factor and negatively regulated by suppressor of cytokine signaling-3. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 31830–31840
- Ebong, S., C. R. Yu, D. A. Carper, et al. 2004. Activation of STAT signaling pathways and induction of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in mammalian lens by growth factors. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45: 872–878
- Zong, C. S., J. Chan, D. E. Levy, et al. 2000. Mechanism of STAT3 activation by insulin-like growth factor I receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 15099–15105
- Takahashi, T., K. Fukuda, J. Pan, et al. 1999. Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-1-induced activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in rat cardiomyocytes. Circ. Res. 85: 884–891
- Gual, P., V. Baron, V. Lequoy, and E. Van Obberghen. 1998. Interaction of Janus kinases JAK-1 and JAK-2 with the insulin receptor and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Endocrinology. 139: 884–893
- Haruta, K., S. Mori, N. Tamura, et al. 2012. Inhibitory effects of ZSTK474, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Inflamm. Res. 61: 551–562
- van der Heijde, D., Y. Tanaka, R. Fleischmann, et al. 2013. Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate: twelve-month data from a twenty-four-month phase III randomized radiographic study. Arthritis Rheum. 65: 559–570
- Seccareccia, E., and P. Brodt. 2012. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in malignancy: an update. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 22: 193–199