The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Insulin Dependent (Type 1) Diabetes

References

• Alberti K GMM, Hockaday T DR. Diabetes Mellitus. Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 2nd edition, D J Weatherall, J GG Ledingham, D A Warrell. Oxford Medical Publications. 1987; I: 9.51–9.101
   Google Scholar
• Spencer K M, Tarn A C, Dean B, Lister J, Bottazzo G F. Fluctuating islet cell autoimmunity in unaffected relatives of patients with insulin dependent diabetes. Lancet, 19(I)764–766
   Google Scholar
• Wilkin T, Hoskin P J, Armitage M, Rudier M, Casey C, Diaz J Z, et al. Value of insulin autoantibodies as serum markers for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1985, I: 480–4828
   Google Scholar
• Milward B A, Alviggi L, Hoskins P J, Johnstone C, Heaton D, Bottazzo G F, et al. Immune changes associated with insulin dependent diabetes may remit without causing the disease: a study in identical twins. Br Med J 1986; 292: 793–796
   Google Scholar
• Srikanta S, Ganda O P, Eisenbarth G S, Soeldner J S. Islet cell antibodies and beta cell function in monozygotic triplets and twins initially discordant for Type 1 diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 1983; 308: 322–325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottazzo G F, Dean B M, McNally J M, Mackay A E, Swift P GF, Gamble D G. In situ characterisation of autoimmune phenomena and expression of HLA molecules in the pancreas in diabetic insulitis. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 353–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foulis A K, Farquharson Hardman R. Aberrant expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules by B cells and hyperexpression of class 1 major histocompatibility complex molecules by insulin containing islets in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 333–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foulis A IC, Farquharsan M A, Meager A. Immunoreactive α interferon in insulin screening B cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1987, II: 1423–1427
   Google Scholar
• Vague P. Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Frontiers in Diabetes, vol 4; diabetes mellitus: etiopathogenesis and metabolic aspects, F Belfiore, D J Galton, G M Reaven. Karger, Basel 1984; 12–25
   Google Scholar
• Helgason T, Ewen S WB, Ross I S, Stowers J M. Diabetes produced in mice by smoked/cured mutton. Lancet 1982, ii: 1017–1022
   Google Scholar
• Yoon J-W, Austin M, Onodera T, Notkins A L. Virus induced diabetes mellitus. Isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. New Engl J Med 1979; 300: 1173–1179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pak C Y, Eun H-M, McArthur R G, Yoon J-W. Association of cytomegalovirus infection with autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Lancet 1988, ii: 1–4
   Google Scholar
• Forrest J M, Menser M A, Burgess J A. High frequency of diabetes mellitus in young adults with congenital rubella. Lancet 1971, 2: 332–334
   Google Scholar
• Ginsberg-Fellner F, Witt M E, Yagihashi S, Dobersen M J, Tunt F, Fedum B, et al. Congenital rubella syndrome as a model for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: increased prevalence of islet cell surface antibodies. Diabetologia 1984; 87–89, suppl
   Google Scholar
• Barnett A H, Eff C, Leslie R DG, Pyke D A. Diabetes in identical twins. Diabetologia 1981; 20: 87–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenbarth G S. Genes, generator of diversity, glyconjugates, and autoimmune β cell insufficiency in Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 1987; 36: 355–364
   Google Scholar
• Kobberling J, Tillil H. Genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Diabetes, vol 4; diabetes mellitus: etiopathogenesis and metabolic aspects, F Belfiore, D J Galton, G M Reaven. Karger, Basel 1984; 1–9
   Google Scholar
• Hitman G A, Niven M J. Genes and diabetes mellitus. Brit Med Bull 1989; 329: 512–518
   Google Scholar
• Trowsdale J, Campbell R D. Physical map of the human HLA region. Immunology Today 1988; 9: 34–35
   Google Scholar
• Trowsdale J, Young J A, Kelly A P, Austin P J, Carson S, Meunier H, et al. Structure and sequence polymorphism in the HLA-D region. Immunol Rev 1985; 85: 5–43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roitt I, Brostoff J, Male D. Major histocompatibility complex. Immunology. Churchill Livingstone, Gower Medical. 1985; 4.1–4.12
   Google Scholar
• Pujol-Borrell R, Todd I, Doshi M, Bottazzo G F, Sutton R, Gray D, et al. HLA Class II induction in human islet cells by interferon gamma plus tumour necrosis factor or lymphotoxin. Nature 1987; 326: 304–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkman P J, Saper M A, Samraoui B, Bennett W S, Strominger I L, Wiley D C. The foreign antigen binding site and T cell recognition region of Class I histocompatibility antigens. Nature 1987; 329: 512–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nerup J, Cathelineau C, Seignalet J, Thomsen M. HLA and Disease, J Dausset, Svejgaard. Munksgaard, Copenhagen 1977; 149–167
   Google Scholar
• Sachs J A, Cudworth A G, Jaruquemada D, Gorsuch A N, Festenstein H. Type 1 diabetes and the HLA D locus. Diabetologia 1980; 418: 41–43
   Google Scholar
• Sveggaard A, Platz P, Ryder L P. Histocompatibility Testing 1980, P I Terasaki. Tissue Typing Laboratory, Los Angeles 1980; 638–654
   Google Scholar
• Wolf E, Spencer K M, Cudworth A G. The genetic susceptibility to Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes: analysis of the HLA-DR association. Diabetologia 1984; 24: 224–230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serjeantson S W, Ranford P R, Kirk R L, Kohonen-Garish M RJ, Mohan V, Ramachandran A, et al. HLA-DR and -DQ genotyping in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in South India. Disease Markers 1987; 5: 101–108
   Google Scholar
• Chan S H, Yeo P PB, Lee B W, Tan S H, Cheah J S, Wong H B. HLA and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Singaporean Chinese. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1985; 14: 215–218
   Google Scholar
• Aparicio J MR, Wakisaka A, Tokada A, Matsuura N, Aizawa M. HLA-DQ system and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Japanese: does it contribute to the development of IDDM as it does in Caucasians?. Immunogenetics 1988; 28: 240–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raum D, Awdeh Z, Yams E J, Alper C A, Gabay K H. Extended major histocompatibility complex haplotypes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 449–454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorsuch A N, Spencer K M, Wolf E, Cudworth A G. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: HLA and family studies. The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus, J Kobberling, R Tattersall. Serona Symposia 47, Academic Press, London 1982; 43–53
   Google Scholar
• Owerbach D, Lernmark A, Platz P, Ryder L P, Rask L, Peterson P A, Ludvigsson J. HLA-D region β chain DNA endonuclease fragments differ between HLA-DR identical healthy and insulin dependent diabetic individuals. Nature 1983; 303: 815–817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelson B, Lernmark A. Molecular cloning of a polymorphic DNA endonuclease fragment associates insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with HLA-DQ. J Clin Invest 1987; 75: 1144–1152
   Google Scholar
• Festenstein H, Awad J, Hitman G A, Cutbush S, Groves A V, Cassell P, Oilier W, Sachs J A. New HLA-DNA polymorphisms associated with autoimmune diseases. Nature 1986; 322: 64–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachs J A, Cassell P G, Festenstein H, Awad J, Hitman G A. DQβ restriction fragment length polymorphism and its relationship to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Disease Markers 1987; 5: 199–206
   Google Scholar
• Cohen-Haguenauer O, Robbins E, Massart C, Bussom C, Deschamps I, Hors J, Lalouel J, Dausset J, Cohen D. A systematic study of the HLA class 11β DNA restriction fragments in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 1985; 83: 3335–3339
   Google Scholar
• Nepom B S, Palmer J, Kim S J, Hansen J A, Holbeck S L, Nepom G. Specific genomic markers for the HLA-DQ subregion discriminate between DR4+ insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and DR4+ seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med 1986; 164: 345–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tait B D, Mraz G, Harrison L C. Association of HLA-DQw3 (TA10-) with Type 1 diabetes occurs with DR3/4 but not DR1/4 patients. Diabetes 1988; 37: 926–929
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hitman G A, Karir P K, Sachs J A, Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Viswanathan M, Mohan V. HLA-D region RFLPs indicate that susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes in South India is located in the HLA-DQ region. Diabetic Medicine 1988; 5: 57–60
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher J, Odugbesa A O, Mijovic C, Mackay E, Bradwell A R, Barnett A H. Class II HLA DNA polymorphisms in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients of North Indian origin. Diabelologia 1988; 31: 343–350
   Google Scholar
• Hitman G A, Niven M J, Festenstein H, Cassell P G, Awad J, Walker-Smith J A, Leonard J N, Fry L, Ciclitira P, Kumar P, Sachs J. HLA Class II alpha chain gene polymorphisms in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. J Clin Invest 1987; 79: 609–615
   Google Scholar
• Stetler D, Grumet F C, Erlich H A. Polymorphic restriction endonuclease sites linked to the HLA-DRa gene: localisation and use as genetic markers of insulin dependent diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 8100–8104
   Google Scholar
• Gorski J, Niven M J, Sachs J A, Mach B, Cassell P G, Festenstein H, et al. HLA-DRα, -DXα and DRβ III gene association studies in DR3 individuals. Hum Immunol 1987; 20: 273–278
   Google Scholar
• Bontrop R, Tilanus M, Mikulski M, van Eggermond M, Termijtelen A, Giphert M. Polymorphisms within the HLA-DR3 haplotypes. Immunogenetics 1986; 23: 401–405
   Google Scholar
• Hitman G A, Sachs J, Cassell P, Awad J, Bottazzo G F, Tarn A C, Schwartz G, Monson J P, Festenstein H. A DR3-related DXα gene polymorphism strongly associates with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Immunogenetics 1986; 23: 46–51
   Google Scholar
• Nepom B S, Schwarz D, Palmer J P, Nepom G T. Transcomplementation of HLA genes in IDDM HLA DQα and β chains produced hybrid molecules in DR3/4 heterozygotes. Diabetes 1987; 36: 114–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd J A, Bell J I, McDevitt H O. HLA-DQβ gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nature 1987; 329: 599–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd J A, Bell J I, McDevitt H O. A molecular basis for genetic susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Trends in Genetics 1988; 4: 129–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarvetnick N, Ligitt D, Pitts S L, Hansen S E, Stewart T A. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus induced in transgenic mice by ectopic expression of class II MHC and interferon gamma. Cell 1988; 52: 773–782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver L M. Mouse t haplotypes. Ann Rev Genet 1985; 19: 179–208
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cudworth A G, Gorsuch A N, Wolf E, Festenstein H. A new look at HLA genes with particular reference to type 1 diabetes. Lancet 1979, i: 389–391
   Google Scholar
• Awdeh Z L, Raum D, Yarvis E J, Alper C A. Extended HLA/Complement allele haplotypes: evidence for T/t-like complex in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 80: 259–263
   Google Scholar
• Vadheim C M, Rotter J I, McLaren N K, Riley W J, Anderson C E. Preferential transmission of diabetic alleles within the HLA gene complex. 1986; 315: 1314–1318
   Google Scholar
• Miseller-Eckhardt G, Stroman P, Schendel D J, Maer-Ewert K, Mueller-Eckhardt C. Possible male segregation distortion of DR2 haplotypes in narcolepsy patients. Hum Immunol 1987; 20: 189–193
   Google Scholar
• Welch T R, Balakrishnan K, Beischel L, West C D. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I and III (MPGN 1/III); extended major histocompatability complex (MHC) haplotype associations. (Abstract). Hum Immunol 1984; 14: 124
   Google Scholar