Increased Interleukin 2 Receptor Expression in Post-Gestational Women: Relationship to Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Islet Cell Antibodies in Pregnancy

References

• Bottazzo G F, Florin-Christensen A, Doniach D. Islet-cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus with autoimmune polvendocrine deficiencies. Lancer 1974; 2: 1279–1283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botazzo G F, Dean B M, Gorsuch A N, Cudworth A G, Doniach D. Complement-fixing islet-cell antibodies in type-I diabetes: possible monitors of active beta cell damage. Lancet 1980; 1: 668–672
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Srikanta S, Ganda O P, Rabizadeh A, Soeldner J S, Eisenbarth G S. First-degree relatives of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Islet-cell antibodies and abnormal insulin secretion. New Engl J Med 1985; 313: 461–464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorsuch A N, Spencer K M, Lister J, McNally J M, Dean B M, Bottazzo G F, Cudworth A G. Evidence for a long prediabetic period in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1981; 2: 1363–1365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson R A, Morris M A, Haynes B F, Eisenbarth G S. Increased circulating la-antigen-bearing T cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 785–788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheinin T, Maenpaa J, Koskimies S, Dean B M, Botazzo G F, Kontianinen S. Insulin responses and lymphocyte subclasses in children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes. Clin Exp lmmunol 1988; 71: 91–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bottazzo G F, Dean B M, McNally J M, Mackay E H, Swift P G F, Gamble D R. In situ characterization of autoimmune phenomena and expression of HLA molecules in the pancreas in diabetic insulitis. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 353–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assan R, Feutren G, Debray-Sachs M, Quiniou-Debrie M C, Laborie C, Thomas G, et al. Metabolic and immunological effects of cyclosporin in recently diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1985; 1: 67–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pozzilli P, Semi M, Al-Sakkaf L, Tarn A, Zuccarini O, Bottazzo G F. Prospective study of lymphocyte subsets in subjects genetically susceptible to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 1984; 27: 132–135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston C, Alviggi L, Millward B A, Leslie R D G, Pyke D A, Vergani D. Alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations in type I diabetes: exploration of genetic influence in identical twins. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1484–1488
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ginsberg-Fellner F, Mark E M, Nechemias C, Hausknecht R U, Rubinstein P, Doberson M J, et al. Islet cell antibodies in gestational diabetics. Lancet 1980; 2: 362–363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buschard K, Buch I, Molsted-Pedersen L, Hougaard P, Kuhl C. Increased incidence of true type 1 diabetes acquired during pregnancy. Brit Med J 1987; 294: 275–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottazzo G F, Gleichmann H. Immunology and Diabetes Workshops: report of the first international workshop on the standarisation of cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies. Diabetologia 1986; 29: 125–126
   Google Scholar
• Bidwell J L, Bidwell E A, Savage D A, Middleton D, Klouda P T, Bradley B A. A SNA-RFLP typing system that positively identified serologically well-defined and ill-defined HLA-DR and DQ alleles, including DRw10. Transplantation 1988; 45: 640–646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton D, Savage D A, Bidwell J L, Cullen C, Martin J. Association of HLA-DRBr with HLA-DQw3. Tissue Antigens 1988; 31: 79–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organisation Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus: 2nd report. Technical Report Series 646, World Health Organisation, Geneva 1980
   Google Scholar
• Tarn A C, Thomas J M, Dean B M, Ingram D, Schwarz G, Bottazzo G F, et al. Predicting insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 1988; 1: 845–850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadden D R. Screening for abnormalities of carbohydrate metalbolism in pregnancy 1966–1977: the Belfast experience. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 440–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Sullivan J B. Subsequent morbidity among gestational diabetic women. Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy and the new born, H W Sutherland, J M Stowers. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1984; 174–180
   Google Scholar
• Mestman J H. Outcome of diabetes screening in pregnancy and perinatal morbidity in infants of mothers with mild impairment in glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 447–452
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Irvine W J, Sawers J SA, Feek C M, Prescott R J, Duncan L PJ. The value of islet cell antibody in predicting secondary failure of oral hypoglycaemic agent therapy in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Immunol 1979; 2: 23–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gleichmann H, Zorcher B, Greulich B, Gries F A, Henrichs H R, Bertrams J, et al. Correlation of islet cell antibodies and HLA-DR phenotypes with diabetes mellitus in adults. Diabetologia 1984; 27: 90–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkin T, Armitage M. Markers for insulin dependent diabetes: towards early detection. Brit Med J 1986; 293: 1323–1326
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morimoto C, Hafler D A, Weiner H L, Letvin N K, Hagan M, Daley J, et al. Selective loss of the suppressor-inducer T-cell subset in progressive multiple sclerosis: analysis with anti-2H4 antibody. N Engl J Med 1987a; 316: 67–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morimoto C, Steinberg A D, Letvin N L, Hagan M, Takenchi T, Daley J, et al. A defect of im-munoregulatory T-cell subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus patients demonstrated with anti-2H4 antibody. J Clin Invest 1987b; 79: 762–768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Berardinis P, Londei M, Kahan M, Balsano F, Kontiainen S, Gale E A M, et al. The majority of the activiated T cells in the blood of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients are CD4+. Clin Exp Immunol 1988; 73: 255–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayward A R, Herberger M. Culture and phenotype of activated T-cells from outpatients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1984; 33: 319–323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alviggi L, Johnston C, Hoskins P J, Tee D E H, Pyke D A, Leslie R D G, et al. Pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes: a role for activated T lymphocytes. Lancet 1984; 2: 4–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millward B A, Alviggi L, Hoskins P J, Johnston C, Heaton D, Bottazzo G F, Vergani D, Leslie R D G, Pyke D A. Immune changes associated with insulin-dependent diabetes may remit without causing the diseases: a study of identical twins. Brit Med J 1986; 292: 733–769
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Mario U, Dotta F, Garguilio P, Sutherland J, Andreani D, Guy K, Pachi A, Fallucca F. Immunology in diabetic pregnancy: activiated T cells in diabetic mothers and neonates. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 66–71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sridama V, Pacini F, Yang S -L, Moawad A, Reilly M, De Groot L J. Decreased levels of helper T cells. A possible cause of immuno-deficiency in pregnancy. N Eng J Med 1982; 307: 352–356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar