T Cell Tolerance and Self/Nonself Discrimination

References

• Kappler J W, Roehm N, Marrack P. T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus. Cell 1987; 49: 273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kappler J W, Staerz U, White J, Marrack P. Self‐tolerance eliminates T cells specific for Mls‐modified products of the major, histocompatibility complex. Nature (Lond.) 1988; 332: 35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald H R, Schneider R, Less R K, Howe R C, Acha‐Orbea H, Festenstein H, Zinkernagel R M, Hengartner H. T‐cell receptor Vβ use predicts reactivity and tolerance to Mlsa‐encoded antigens. Nature 1988; 332: 40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Boehmer H. Developmental biology of T cells in T cell receptor transgenic mice. Annu Rev Immunol 1990; 8: 531
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy K M, Heimberger A B, Loh D H. Induction by antigen of intrathymic apoptosis of CD4+ CD8+ TCR10 thymocytes in vivo. Science 1990; 250: 1720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprent J. T lymphocytes and the thymus. Fundamental ImmunologyThird Edition, W E Paul. Raven Press, New York 1993, in press
   Google Scholar
• Jenkinson E J, Jhittay P, Kingston A, Owen J JT. Studies on the role of the thymic environment in the induction of tolerance to MHC antigens. Transplant 1985; 39: 331
   Google Scholar
• Matzinger P, Guerder S. Does T‐cell tolerance require a dedicated antigen‐presenting cell?. Nature 1989; 338: 74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houssaint E, Flajnik M. The role of thymic epithelium in the acquisition of tolerance. Immunol Today 1990; 11: 357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Bohemer H, Schubiger K. Thymocytes appear to ignore class I major histocompatibility complex antigens expressed on thymic epithelial cells. Eur J Immunol 1984; 14: 1048
   Google Scholar
• Webb S, Sprent J. Tolerogenicity of thymic epithelium. Eur J Immunol 1990; 20: 2525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flajnik M F, du Pasquier L, Cohen N. Immune responses of thymus/lymphocyte embryonic chimeras: studies on tolerance and major histocompatibility complex restriction in Xenopus. Eur J Immunol 1985; 15: 540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houssaint E, Torano A, Ivanyi J. Split tolerance induced by grafting chick embryo thymic epithelium allografted to embryonic recipients. J Immunol 1986; 136: 3155
   Google Scholar
• Salaun J, Bandiera A, Khazaal I, Caiman F, Coltey M, Coutinho A, LeDourarin N M. Thymic epithelium tolerizes for histocompatibility antigens. Science 1990; 247: 1471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann M W, Allison J, Miller J FAP. Tolerance induction by thymic medullary epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 2526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao E ‐K, Lo D, Sprent J. Strong T cell tolerance in parent → F1 bone marrow chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation. Evidence for clonal deletion and anergy. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 1101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao E ‐K, Kosaka H, Surh C D, Sprent J. T cell contact with la antigens on nonhemopoietic cells in vivo can lead to immunity rather than tolerance. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 435
   Google Scholar
• Kosaka H, Surh C D, Sprent J. Stimulation of mature unprimed CD8+ T cells by semiprofessional antigen‐presenting cells in vivo. 1992; 176: 1291
   Google Scholar
• Kosaka H, Sprent J. Tolerance of CD8+ cells developing in parent → F1 chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation: step‐wise induction of tolerance in the intrathymic and extrathymic environments. J Exp Med
   Google Scholar
• Surh C D, Gao E K, Kosaka H, Lo D, Ahn C, Murphy D B, Karlsson L, Peterson P, Sprent J. Two subsets of epithelial cells in the thymic medulla. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer A, Munitz T I, Golding H, Rosenberg A, Mizuochi T. Recognition requirements for the activation, differentiation and function of T‐helper cells specific for class I MHC alloantigens. Immunol Rev 1987; 98: 143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprent J, Schaefer M. Antigen‐presenting cells for CD8+ T cells. Immunol Rev 1990; 117: 213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprent J, Gao E ‐K, Webb S R. T‐cell reactivity to MHC molecules: immunity versus tolerance. Science 1990; 248: 1357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath W R, Allison J, Hoffmann M W, Schonrich G, Hammerling G, Arnold B, Miller J FAP. Autoimmune disease as a consequence of locally produced interleukin‐2. Nature 1992; 359: 547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts J L, Sharrow S O, Singer A. Clonal deletion and clonal anergy in the thymus induced by cellular elements with different radiation sensitivities. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsdell F, Fowlkes B J. Maintenance of in vivo tolerance by persistence of antigen. Science 1992; 257: 1130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrack P, Lo D, Brinster R, Palmiter R, Burkly L, Flavell R H, Kappler J. The effect of thymus environment on T cell development and tolerance. Cell 1988; 53: 627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raviola E, Karnovsky M J. Evidence for a blood‐thymus barrier using electron‐opaque tracers. J Exp Med 1972; 136: 466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen I R. Regulation of autoimmune disease: physiological and therapeutic. Immunol Rev 1991; 94: 5
   Google Scholar
• Kroemer G, Martinez A C. Clonal deletion and anergy: from models to reality. Res Immunol 1992; 143: 267
   Google Scholar
• Mueller D L, Jenkins M K, Schwartz R H. Clonal expansion versus functional clonal inactivation: a costimulatory signalling pathway determines the outcome of T cell antigen receptor occupancy. Annu Rev Immunol 1989; 7: 445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller J FAP, Morahan G. Peripheral T cell tolerance. Annu Rev Immunol 1992; 10: 51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohashi P S, Oehen S, Burki K, Percher H P, Ohashi C T, Oder‐matt B, Malissen B, Zinkernagel R, Hengartner H. Ablation of tolerance and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice. Cell 1991; 65: 305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb S R, Morris C, Sprent J. Extrathymic tolerance of mature T cells: clonal deletion as a consequence of immunity. Cell 1990; 63: 1249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawabe Y, Ochi A. Programmed cell death and extrathymic reduction of Vβ8+ CD4+ T cells in mice tolerant to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B. Nature 1991; 349: 245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprent J. Fate of H‐2‐activated T lymphocytes in syngeneic hosts. I. Fate in lymphoid tissues and intestines traced with 3H‐thymidine, 125I‐deoxyuridine and 51Chromium. Cell Immunol 1976; 21: 278
   Google Scholar
• Mackay C R. T‐cell memory: the connection between function, phenotype and migration pathways. Immunol Today 1992; 12: 189
   Google Scholar
• Sprent J, Webb S R. Function and specificity of T cell subsets in the mouse. Adv Immunol 1987; 41: 39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janeway C A. The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Immunol Today 1992; 13: 11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz R S, Datta S K. Autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. Fundamental Immunologysecond edition, W E Paul. Raven Press, New York 1989; 819
   Google Scholar
• Sinha A A, Lopez M T, McDevitt H O. Autoimmune diseases: The failure of self tolerance. Science 1990; 248: 1380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi S, Takahashi T, Nishizuka Y. Study on cellular events on postthymectomy autoimmune oophoritis in mice. II. Requirement of Lyt‐1 cells in normal female mice for the prevention of oophoritis. J Exp Med 1982; 156: 1577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N. Thymus and autoimmunity: Capacity of the normal thymus to produce pathogenic self‐reactive T cells and conditions required for the induction of autoimmune disease. J Exp Med 1990; 172: 537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazier A, Tutschka P J, Farmer E R, Santos G W. Graft‐versus‐host disease in cyclosporine A‐treated rats after syngeneic and autologous bone marrow reconstitution. J Exp Med 1983; 158: 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheney R T, Sprent J. Capacity of cyclosporine to induce graft‐versus‐host disease and impair intrathymic T cell differentiation. Transplant Proc 1985; 17: 528
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom B R, Modlin R L, Salgame P. Stigma variations: observations on suppressor T cells and leprosy. Annu Rev Immunol 1992; 10: 453
   PubMedGoogle Scholar