8
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Polymorphism in the Human Complement C4 Genes and Genetic Susceptibility to Autoimmune Hepatitis

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 243-249 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG, Eddleston ALWF. The natural course and heterogeneity of autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 1991; 11: 187–196
  • Eggink HF, Houthoff HJ, Huitema S, Gips CH, Poppema S. Cellular and humoral immune reactions in chronic active liver disease: I. Lymphocyte subsets in liver biopsies of patients with untreated idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis chronic active hepatitis B and primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 50: 17–24
  • Wen L, Peakman M, Lobo-Yeo A, McFarlane BM, Mowat AP, Mieli-Vcrgani G, Vergani D. T-cell-directed hepatocyte damage in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Lancet 1990; 336: 1527–1530
  • Löhr H, Treichel U, Poralla T, Manns M, Meyerzum Büschenfelde K-H, Fleischer B. The human hepatic asialo-glycoprotein receptor is a target antigen for liver-infiltrating T cells in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1990; 12: 1314–1320
  • Treichel U, Poralla T, Hess G, Manns M, Meyerzum Buschenfelde K-H. Autoantibodies to human asialoglyco-protein receptor in autoimmune-type chronic hepatitis. Hepatology 1990; 11: 606–610
  • Mackay IR, Tait BD. HLA association with autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis: identification of B8-DRw3 haplotype by family studies. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 95–98
  • Donaldson PT, Doherty DG, Hayller KM, McFarlane IG, Johnson PJ, Williams R. Susceptibility to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: human leucocyte antigens DR4 and A1-B8-DR3 are independent risk factors. Hepatology 1991; 13: 701–706
  • Trowsdale J, Campbell RD. Camplexity in the major histocompatibility complex. Eur J lmmunogenet 1992; 19: 45–55
  • Finlayson NDC, Krohn K, Fauconnet MH, Anderson KE. Significance of serum complement levels in chronic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1972; 63: 653–659
  • Munoz LE, De Villicrs D, Markham D, Whaley K, Thomas HC. Complement activation in chronic liver disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 47: 548–554
  • Vergani D, Wells L, Larcher VF, Nasaruddin BA, Davies ET, Mieli-Vcrgani G, Mowat AP. Genetically determined low C4: a predisposing factor to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Lancet 1985; ii: 294–298
  • Daniels CA, Borsos T, Rapp HJ, Snyderman R, Notkins AL. Neutralization of sensitized vims by the fourth component of complement. Science 1969; 165: 508–509
  • Leijh PC, van den Barselaar MT, van Zwet TL, Daha MR, van Frith R. Requirement of extracellular complement and immunoglobulin for intracellular killing of micro-organisms by human monocytes. J Clin Invest 1979; 63: 772–784
  • Schifferli J A, Bartolotti SR, Peters DK. Inhibition of immune precipitation by complement. Clin Exp Immunol 1980; 42: 387–397
  • Carroll MC, Palsdottir A, Belt KT, Porter RR. Deletion of complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes in the HLA class III region. EMBO J 1985; 4: 2547–2552
  • Schneider PM, Carroll MC, Alper CA, Rittner C, Whitehead AS, Yunis EJ, Colten HR. Polymorphism of the human complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealing structural deletions, homoduplications and size variants. J Clin Invest 1986; 78: 650–657
  • Yu CY, Belt KT, Giles CM, Campbell RD, Porter RR. Structural basis of the polymorphism of human complement components C4A and C4B: gene size, reactivity and antigenicity. EMBO J 1986; 5: 2873–2881
  • Partanen J, Campbell RD. Restriction fragment analysis of non-deleted complement C4 null genes suggests point mutations in C4A null alleles, but gene conversions in C4B null alleles. Immunogenetics 1989; 30: 520–523
  • Braun L, Schneider PH, Giles CM, Bertrams J, Rittner C. Null alleles of human complement C4. Evidence for pseudogenes at the C4A locus and for gene conversion at the C4B locus. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 129–140
  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning. A laboratory manual. Second edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York 1989
  • Belt KT, Yu CY, Carroll MC, Porter RR. Polymorphism of human complement component C4. Immunogenetics 1985; 21: 173–180
  • Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR. A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B. Nature 1984; 307: 237–241
  • Rodrigues NR, Dunham I, Yu CY, Carroll MC, Porter RR, Campbell RD. Molecular characterisation of the HLA-linked steroid 21-hydroxylase B gene from an individual with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. EMBO J 1987; 6: 1653–1661
  • Doherty DG, Donaldson PT. HLA-DRB and DQB typing by a combination of serology, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and oligonucleotide probing. Eur J Immunogenet 1991; 18: 111–124
  • Doherty DG, Vaughan RW, Donaldson PT, Mowat AP. HLA DQA, DQB and DRB genotyping by oligonucleotide analysis: distribution of alleles and haplotypes in British Caucasoids. Hum Immunol 1992; 34: 53–63
  • Mathews JD. Statistical aspects of immunogenetic associations with disease. Detection of immune-associated markers of human disease, MJ Simons, BD. Tait. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1984; 106–136
  • Thomas HC, DeVilliers D, Potter B, Hodgson H, Jain S, Jewell DP, Sherlock S. Immune complexes in acute and chronic liver disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1978; 31: 150–157
  • Scully LJ, Toze C, Sengar DPS, Goldstein R. Early-onset autoimmune hepatitis is associated with a C4A gene deletion. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 1478–1484
  • Doherty DG, Donaldson PT, Underhill JA, Farrant JM, Duthie A, Mieli-Vergani G, McFarlane IG, Johnson PJ, Eddleston ALWF, Mowat AP, Williams R. Allelic sequence variation in the HLA class II genes and proteins in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 1994; 19: 609–615
  • Adweh ZL, Ochs HD, Alpher CA. Genetic analysis of C4 deficiency. J Clin Invest 1981; 67: 260–263
  • Adweh ZL, Alpcr CA. Inherited structural polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement. Proc Natl AcadSci USA 1980; 77: 3576–3580
  • Baur MP, Neugebauer M, Albert ED. Reference tables of two-locus haplotype frequencies for all MHC marker loci. Histocompatibility testing 1984, ED Albert, MP Baur, WR. Mayr. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1984; 677–755
  • Caplen NJ, Patel A, Millward A, Campbell RD, Rata-Nachaiyavong S, Wong FS, Demaine AG. Complement C4 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) genotypes and type 1 diabetes meliitus. Immunogenetics 1990; 32: 427–430
  • Rittner C, De Marchi M, Mollenhauer E, Carbonara A. Coeliac disease and C4A*Q0: an association secondary to HLA-DR3. Tissue Antigens 1984; 23: 130–134
  • Tom W, Farid NR. Reduced C4 in HLA-B8 positive patients with Graves' disease. Hum Hered 1981; 31: 227–231
  • Manns MP, Bremm A, Schneider PM, Notghi A, Gerken G, Prager-Eberle M, Stradmann-Bellinghausen B, Meyerzum Büschenfelde K-H, Rittner C. HLA DRw8 and complement C4 deficiency as risk factors in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 1367–1373
  • Batchelor JR, Fielder AHL, Walport MJ, David J, Lord DK, Davey N, Dodi IA, Malisit P, Wanachiwanawin W, Bernstein R, Mackworth-Young C, Isenberg D. Family study of the major histocompatibility complex in HLA DR3 negative patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 1987; 70: 364–371
  • Olsen ML, Goldstein R, Arnett FC, Duvic M, Pollack M, Reveille JD. C4A gene deletion and HLA associations in black Americans with systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunogenetics 1989; 30: 27–33
  • Yamada H, Watanabe A, Mimori A, Nakano K, Takeuchi F, Matsuta K, Tanimoto K, Miyamoto T, Yukiyama Y, Tokunaga K, Yokohari R. Lack of gene deletion for complement C4A deficiency in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1990; 17: 1054–1057
  • Hawkins BR, Wong KL, Wong RWS, Chan KH, Dunckley H, Serjeantson SW. Strong association between the major histocompatibility complex and systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Chinese. J Rheumatol 1987; 14: 1128–1131
  • Doherty DG, Ireland R, Demaine AG, Wang F, Veerapan K, Welsh KI, Vergani D. Major histocompatibility complex genes and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Chinese. Arthritis Rheum, 35: 641–646
  • Scki T, Ota H, Furuta S, Fukushima H, Kondo T, Hino K, Mizuki N, Ando A, Tsuji K, Inoko H, Kiyosawa K. HLA class II molecules and autoimmune hepatitis susceptibility in Japanese patients. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1041–1047
  • Sanchez-Urdazpal L, Czaja AJ, van Hoek B, Krom RAF, Wiesner RH. Prognostic features and role of liver transplantation in severe corticosteroid-treated autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1991; 15: 215–221
  • Triger DR, Kurtz JB, Maccallum FO, Wright R. Raised antibody titres to measles and rubella viruses in chronic active hepatitis. Lancet 1972; i: 665–667
  • Robertson DAF, Zhang SL, Guy EC, Wright R. Persistent measles virus genome in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Lancet 1987; ii: 9–11

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.