12
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Studies of IgG-Class Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis

&
Pages 57-63 | Received 27 Feb 1994, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Vincent A. Immunology of acetylcholine receptors in relation to myasthenia gravis. Physiol Rev 1980; 60: 756–824
  • Thorlacius S, Aarlin JA, Risy T, Matre R, Johnsen HJ. Associated disorders in myasthenia gravis: autoimmune diseases and their relation to thymectomy. Acta Neurol. Scand 1989; 80: 290–295
  • van der Geld H., Feltkamp TEW, van Loghcm J J, Ooster-Huis HJGH, Biemond A. Multiple antibody production in myasthenia gravis. Lancet 1963; 2: 373–375
  • Gershwin ME, Glinski W, Bender AN, Ringel SP, Steinberg AD, Engel WK. Antibodies to nucleic acids in myasthenia gravis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1976; 51: 245–252
  • Sagar HJ, Gelsthorpe K, Milford-Ward A, Davies-Joncs GAB. Clinical and immunological association in myasthenia gravis, part 1 (Autoantibodies). J. Neurol Neurosurg Psychial 1980; 43: 967–970
  • McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA. Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies. Adv Immunol 1991; 49: 193–280
  • Asherson RA, Derkson RH, Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Krauss T, Hughes GRV. Chorea in systemic lupus erythematosus and “lupus-like” disease : Association with antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1987; 16: 253–259
  • Lockshin MD, Qamar T, Druzin ML, Goei S. Antibody to cardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant and fetal death. J Rheumatol 1987; 14: 259–262
  • Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML, Patcl BM, Mackworth-Young CG, Loizou S, Hughes GRV. Anticardiolipin antibodies : detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 1983; 2: 1211–1214
  • Harris EN, Asherson RA, Gharavi AE, Morgan SH, Derue G, Hughes GRV. Thrombocytopenia in SLE and related autoimmune disorders : Association with anticardiolipin antibody. Br J Haematol 1985; 59: 227–230
  • Harris EN. Syndrome of the Black Swan. Rr J Rheumatol 1987; 26: 324–326
  • Asherson RA, Khamashta MA, Ordi-Ros J, Derksen RHW, Machin SJ, Barquinero J. The “Primary” antiphospholipid syndrome : major clinical and serological features. Medicine 1989; 68: 366–374
  • Harris EN, Chan JKH, Asherson RA, Abcr VR, Gharavi AE, Hughes GRV. Thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and thrombocytopenia : predictive value of the anti-cardiolipin test. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146: 2153–2159
  • Loizou S, Byron MA, Englert HJ, David J, Hughes GRV, Walport MS. Association of quantitative anti-cardiolipin antibody levels with fetal loss and time of loss in systemic lupus erythematosus. Q.IMed 1988; 68: 525–531
  • Colaco BC, Scadding G, Lockhart S. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies in neurological disorders: cross-reaction with anti-single stranded DNA activity. Clin Exp Immunol 1987; 68: 313–319
  • Rombos A, Evangelopoulou-Katsiri E, Levantakou A, Voumrourakis K, Triantafyllou N, Papageorigiou C. Serum IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in neurological diseases. Ada neurol Scand 1990; 81: 243–245
  • Perlo VP, Poskanzer DC, Schwab RS, Viets HR, Osscrman KE, Genkis G. Myasthenia gravis: evaluation of treatment of 1355 patients. Neurology 1966; 16: 431–439
  • Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Patel SP, Hughes GRV. Evaluation of the anti-cardiolipin antibody test: report of an international workshop held 4 April 1986. Clin Exp Immunol 1987; 68: 215–222
  • Morel E, Raimond F, Goulon Goeau C., Berrih S, Vcrnet der Garabcdian B, Harb J, Bach JF. Le dosage des anticorps antirccepteurs dc ('acetylcholine dans la myasthenic Etude de 329 cas. Presse Med 1982; 11: 1849–1854
  • Lindström J. An assay for antibodies to human acetylcholine receptors in serum from patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1977; 7: 36–43
  • Gharavi AE, Harris EN, Asherson RA, Hughes GRV. Anticardiolipin antibodies : isotype distribution and phospholipid specificity. Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46: 1–6
  • Koike T, Sucshi M, Funaki H, Tomioka H, Yoshida S. Anti-phospholipid antibodies and biological false positive serological test for syphilis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 1984; 56: 193–199
  • Loizou S, Mc Crea JD., Rudge AC, Reynolds R, Boyle CC, Harris EN. Measurement of anti-cardiolipin antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): standardization and quantitation results. Clin Exp Immunol 1985; 62: 738–745
  • Tincani A, McRoni PL, Brucato A, Zanussi C, Allegro F, Mantclli P. Antiphospholipid and anti-mitochondrial type M5 antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 1985; 3: 321–326
  • Mc Neil HP., Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA. Antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation : β2 glycoprotein 1 (apolipoprotein H). PNAS 1990; 87: 4120–4126
  • Galli M, Comfurius P, Maassen C, Hemker HC, DeBacts MH, van Breda-Vriesman PJC. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) directed not to cardiolipin but to a plasma protein cofactor. Lancet 1990; 335: 1544–1547
  • Chamley LW, McKay EJ, Pattison NS. Cofactor dependent and cofactor independent anticardiolipin antibodies. ThromhRes 1991; 61: 291–299
  • Lockshin MD, Qamar T, Levy RA, Best MP. IgG but not IgM antiphospholipid antibody binding is temperature dependent. J Clin Immunol 1988; 8: 188–192
  • Loizou S, Mackworth-Young CG, Conner C, Walport MJ. Heterogeneity of binding reactivity to different phospholipids of antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 1990; 80: 171–176
  • Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Wasley GD, Hughes GRV. Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbscnt assay and of inhibition studies to distinguish between antibodies to cardiolipin from patients with syphilis or autoimmune disorders. J Infect Dis 1988; 1: 23–31
  • Koike T, Tomioka M, Kumagai A. Antibodies crossreactive with DNA and cardiolipin in patients with SLE. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 50: 298–302
  • Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Loizou S, Derue G, Chan JK, Patel BM. Crossreactivity of antiphospholipid antibodies. J Clin Lah Immunol 1985; 16: 1–6
  • Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Tincani A, Chan JKH, Englert H, Mantelli P. Affinity purified anti-cardiolipin and anti-DNA antibodies. J Clin Lab Immunol; 1985; 17: 155–162
  • Castelman B. The pathology of the thymus gland in myasthenia gravis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1966; 135: 496–503
  • Genkins D, Kornfeld P, Papatestas AE, Bender AN, Matta RJ. Clinical experience in more than 2000 patients with myasthenia gravis. Ann N.YAcadSci 1987; 505: 500–513
  • Thomas JA, Willcox HNA, Newson-Davis J. Immunohisto-logical studies of the thymus in myasthenia gravis : correlation with clinical state and thymocyte culture responses. J Neuwimmunol 1982; 3: 319–335
  • Kao I, Drachman DB. Thymic muscle cells bear acetylcholine receptors: possible relation to myasthenia gravis. Science 1977; 195: 74–75
  • Vincent A, Thomas HC, Scadding GK, Newson-Davis J. In vitro synthesis of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody by thymic lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis. Lancet 1978; i: 305–307

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.