Low Dose Streptozotocin Causes Diabetes in Severe Combined Immunodeficient (Scid) Mice Without Immune Cell Infiltration of the Pancreatic Islets

References

• Rerup C. C. Drugs producing diabetes through damage of the insulin secreting cells. Pharm. Revs. 1970; 22: 485–518
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson G. L., Leiter E. H. Streptozotocin interactions with pancreatic (3 cells and the induction of insulin-dependent diabetes. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1990; 156: 27–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Like A. A., Rossini A. A. Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic insulitis: new model of diabetes mellitus. Science 1976; 193: 415–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb-Bachoven V., Epstein S., Kiesel U., et al. Low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice: electron microscopy reveals single-cell insultis before diabetes onset. Diabetes 1988; 31: 21–27
   Google Scholar
• Iwakiri R., Nagafuchi S., Kounoue E, et al. Immunohistochemical study of insulitis induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin in CD-I mice. Diab. Res. din. Prac. 1990; 9: 75–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nerup J., Mandrup-Poulsen T., Molvig J., Helquist S., Wogensen L., Egberg J. Mechanisms of beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1988; 11(Suppl 1)16–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kolb H., Kronoke K-D. IDDM: Lessons from the low-dose streptozotocin model in mice. Diabetes Rev 1993; 1: 116–126
   Google Scholar
• Leiter E. H. Multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia and insulitis in C57BL mice: influence of inbred background, sex, and thymus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1982; 79: 630–634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buschard K., Rygaard J. Is the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin in part thymus-dependent?. Acta. Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. C. Immunol. 1978; 86: 23–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paik S-G., Fleischer N., Shin S-I. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced by subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin: obligatory role of cell-mediated autoimmune processes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1980; 77: 6129–6133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dayer-Metroz M-D., Kimoto M., Izui S., et al. Effect of helper and/or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte depletion on low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1082–1089
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirn Y. T., Steinberg C. Immunological studies on the induction of diabetes in experimental animals. Cellular basis for the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. Diabetes 1984; 33: 771–777
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oschilewski M., Schwab E., Kiesel U., et al. Administration of silica or monoclonal antibody to Thy-1 prevents low dose streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice. Immunol. Lett. 1986; 12: 289–294
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Appels B., Burkart V., Kanterwerk-Funke G., Funda J., Kolb-Bachoven V., Kolb H. Spontaneous cytotoxicity of macrophages against pancreatic islet cells. J. Immunol. 1989; 142: 3803–3808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma M. J., Carroll A. M. The Scid mouse mutant: definition, characterization, and potential uses. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 1991; 9: 323–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorschkind K., Keller G. M., Phillips R. A., et al. Functional status of cells from lymphoid and myeloid tissues in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. J. Immunol. 1984; 132: 1804–1808
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy S., Liu W., Elliott R. B. Targeting of pancreatic islets of severe combined immunodeficient (Scid) mice by passive transfer of allogeneic spleen cells from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Immunol. Cell Biol 1994; 72: 390–397
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy S., Liu W., Elliott R. B. Distribution of pancreatic macrophages preceding and during early insulitis in young NOD mice. Pancreas 1993; 8: 602–608
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy S., Bibby N. J., Elliott R. B. An immunofluorescent study of insulin-, glucagon-, pancreatic polypeptide-and somatostain-containing cells in the early ovine fetal pancreas. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 1988; 73: 225–232
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gepts W. Pathological anatomy of the pancreas in juvenile diabetes. Diabetes 1965; 14: 619–633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanninen A., Jalkanen S., Salmi M., et al. Macrophages, T cell receptor usage, and endothelial cell activation in the pancreas at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Invest. 1992; 90: 1901–1910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mordes J. P., Rossini A. A. Keys to understanding autoimmune diabetes mellitus: the animals of insulindependent diabetes mellitus. Bailliere's Clin. Immunol. Allergy 1987; 1: 29–52
   Google Scholar
• Sinha A. A., Lopez M. T., McDevitt H. O. Autoimmune diseases: the failure of self-tolerance. Science 1990; 248: 1380–1388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossini A. A., Appel M. C., Williams R. M., Like A. A. Genetic influence of the streptozotocin-induced insulitis and hyperglycaemia. Diabetes 1977; 26: 916–920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerling I. C., Friedman H., Greiner D. L., Shultz L. D., Leiter E. H. Multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in NOD-scid/scid mice in the absence of functional lymphocytes. Diabetes 1994; 43: 433–440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strandell E., Eizirik D. L., Korsgren O., Sandier S. Functional characteristics of cultured mouse pancreatic islets following exposure to different strepotozotocin concentrations. Molec. Cell Endocrinol 1988; 59: 83–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto H., Uchigata Y., Okamoto H. Streptozotocin and alloxan induce DNA strand breaks and poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in pancreatic islets. Nature (Lond) 1981; 294: 284–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson J. W., Ledoux S. P., Wilson G. L. Repair of O6-methylguanine in rat pancreatic β-cells after exposure to N-methyl-N = nitrosourea. Diabetes 1993; 42: 1187–1194
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turk J., Corbett J. A., Ramanadham S., Bohrer A., McDaniel L. Biochemical evidence for nitric oxide formation from streptozotocin in isolated pancreatic islets. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1993; 197: 1458–1464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon N. S., Lee S. H., Choi C. S., Kho T., Lee H. S. Nitric oxide generation from streptozotocin. FASEB. J. 1994; 8: 529–533
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lukic M. L., Stosic-Grujicic S., Ostojic N., Chan W. L., Liew F. Y. Inhibition of nitric oxide generation affects the induction of diabetes by strepotozotocin in mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991; 178: 913–920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnevie-Nielsen V., Steffes M. W., Lernmark A. A major loss in islet mass and B-cell function precedes hyperglycaemia in mice given multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Diabetes 1981; 30: 424–429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlquist G. G., Blom L. G., Persson L. A., et al. Dietary factors and the risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood. Br. Med. J. 1990; 300: 1302–1306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virtanen S. M., Rasanen L., Ylonen K., et al. Early introduction of dairy products associated with increased risk of IDDM in Finnish children. Diabetes 1993; 42: 1786–1790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar