References
- Pawson T. Protein modules and signaling networks. Nature 1995; 373: 573–580
- Grand R. J., Owen D. The biochemistry of ras p21. Biochem. J. 1991; 279: 609–631
- Izquierdo Pastor M., Reif K., Cantrell D. The regulation and function of p21ras during T-cell activation and growth. Immunol. Today 1995; 16: 159–164
- Castano L., Eisenbarth G. S. Type-I diabetes: a chronic autoimmune disease of human, mouse and rat. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1990; 8: 647–679
- Rapoport M. J., Lazarus A. H., Jaramillo A., Speck E., Delovitch T. L. Thymic T cell anergy in autoimmune non-obese diabetic mice is mediated by deficient T cell receptor regulation of the pathway of p21ras activation. J. Exp. Med. 1993; 177: 1221–1226
- Giordano C., De Maria R., Todaro M., Stassi G., Mattina A., Richiusa P., et al. Study of T-cell activation in Type I diabetic patients and pre-Type I diabetic subjects by cytomeric analysis: antigen expression defect in vitro. J. Clin. Immunol. 1993; 13: 68–78
- Faustman D., Li X. P., Lin H. Y., Fu Y. E., Eisenbarth G., Avruch J., et al. Linkage of faulty major histocompatibility complex class I to autoimmune diabetes. Science 1991; 254: 1756–1761
- De Maria R., Todaro M., Stassi G., Di Blasi F., Giordano M., Galluzzo A., et al. Defective T cell receptor/CD3 complex signaling in human type I diabetes. Eur. J. Immunol. 1994; 24: 999–1002
- Rapoport M. J., Weiss L., Mor A., Bistritzer T., Ramot Y., Slavin S. Prevention of autoimmune diabetes by Linomide in NOD mice is associated with upregulation of the T cell receptor mediated activation of p21ras. J. Immunol. 1996; 157: 4721–4725
- National Diabetes Data Group. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes 1979; 28: 1039–1057
- Graves J. D., Lucas S. C., Alexander D. R., Cantrell D. A. Guanine nucleotide regulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and CD3-antigen phosphorylation in permeabilized T lymphocytes. Biochem. J. 1990; 265: 407–413
- Kahn C. R. Insulin action, diabetogenes, and the cause of Type II diabetes. Diabetes 1994; 43: 1066–1084
- Reynet C., Kahn C. R. RAD: a member of the Ras family overexpressed in muscle of type II diabetic humans. Science 1993; 262: 1441–1444
- Rapoport M. J., Jaramillo A., Zipris D., Lazarus A. H., Serreze D. V., Leiter E. H., et al. Interleukin 4 reverses T cell proliferarive unresponsiveness and prevents the onset of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J. Exp. Med. 1993; 178: 87–99
- Zipris D., Lazarus A. H., Crow A. R., Haddzija M., Delovitch T. L. Defective thymic T cell activation by concanavalin A and anti-CD3 in autoimmune non-obese diabetic mice. Evidence for thymic T cell anergy that correlates with the onset of insulitis. J. Immunol. 1991; 146: 3763–3771
- Brugering B. M.T., Medema R. H., Maassen J. A., van de Wetering M. L., van der Eb A. J., McCormick F., et al. fnsu/in stimultaion of gene expression mediated by p21ras activation. EMBO J. 1991; 10: 1103–1109
- Elbcrg G., Rapoport M. J., Vashdi-Elberg D., Gerler A., Shechter Y. Lactogenic hormones rapidly activate p21 ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase in Nb2–11C rat lymphoma cells. Endocrine 1996; 4: 65–71
- Berman M. A., Sandborg C. I., Wang Z. Decreased IL-4 production in new onset Type I insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Immunol. 1996; 157: 4690–4696
- Rapoport M. J., Mor A., Bistritzer T., Ramot Y., Levi O., Slavin S., et al. Protooncogenes and autoimmunity. Isr J. Med. Sci. 1997; 4: 262–266