Cynanchum wilfordii ameliorates hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets

References

• Stokes, K.Y., Cooper, D., Tailor, A., Granger, D.N. Hypercholesterolemia promotes inflammation and microvascular dysfunction: Role of nitric oxide and superoxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2002, 33, 1026–1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa, X.F., Poblete, M.I., Boric, M.P., Mendizábal, V.E., Adler-Graschinsky, E., Huidobro-Toro, J.P. Clonidine-induced nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by endothelial alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation. Br J Pharmacol 2001, 134, 957–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babaei, S., Picard, P., Ravandi, A., Monge, J.C., Lee, T.C., Cernacek, P., Stewart, D.J. Blockade of endothelin receptors markedly reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice: Role of endothelin in macrophage foam cell formation. Cardiovasc Res 2000, 48, 158–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, M., Rader, D.J., Muller, D.W., Kolansky, D.M., Kozarsky, K., Clark, B.J., 3rd, Stein, E.A., Lupien, P.J., Brewer, H.B., Jr, Raper, S.E. A pilot study of ex vivo gene therapy for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Nat Med 1995, 1, 1148–1154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, M.M., Walker, V.R., Curtiss, L.K., Banka, C.L. Protection against atherosclerosis by estrogen is independent of plasma cholesterol levels in LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 1999, 40, 893–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimatsu, H., Suzuki, E., Satonaka, H., Takeda, R., Omata, M., Fujita, T., Nagai, R., Kitamura, T., Hirata, Y. Endothelial dysfunction and hypercontractility of vascular myocytes are ameliorated by fluvastatin in obese Zucker rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005, 288, H1770–H1776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spady, D.K., Woollett, L.A., Dietschy, J.M. Regulation of plasma LDL-cholesterol levels by dietary cholesterol and fatty acids. Annu Rev Nutr 1993, 13, 355–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tannock, L.R. Advances in the management of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008, 6, 369–383.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shan, L., Liu, R.H., Shen, Y.H., Zhang, W.D., Zhang, C., Wu, D.Z., Min, L., Su, J., Xu, X.K. Gastroprotective effect of a traditional Chinese herbal drug “Baishouwu” on experimental gastric lesions in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2006, 107, 389–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu, J.Z., Ye, B.K., Wang, D.F. Observation of the protection effect of Baishouwu to the liver of the high serum cholesterol mouse. Ji Sheng Chong Yu Yi Xue Kun Chong Xue Bao 1998, 3, 266–268.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, M.K., Yeo, H., Kim, J., Markelonis, G.J., Oh, T.H., Kim, Y.C. Cynandione A from Cynanchum wilfordii protects cultured cortical neurons from toxicity induced by H2O2, L-glutamate, and kainate. J Neurosci Res 2000, 59, 259–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, D.G., Lee, J.K., Choi, D.H., Sohn, E.J., Moon, M.K., Lee, H.S. Vascular relaxation by the methanol extract of Sorbus cortex via NO-cGMP pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2005, 28, 860–864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Z.Y., Lin, Y.W., Clemont, A., Feener, E.P., Hein, K.D., Igarashi, M., Yamauchi, T., White, M.F., King, G.L. Characterization of selective resistance to insulin signaling in the vasculature of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. J Clin Invest 1999, 104, 447–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.Z., Kim, S.H., Park, J.K., Koh, G.Y., Cho, K.W. Presence and biological activity of C-type natriuretic peptide-dependent guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor in the penile corpus cavernosum. J Urol 1998, 159, 1741–1746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadelaar, S., Kleemann, R., Verschuren, L., de Vries-Van der Weij, J., van der Hoorn, J., Princen, H.M., Kooistra, T. Mouse models for atherosclerosis and pharmaceutical modifiers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27, 1706–1721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vink, H., Constantinescu, A.A., Spaan, J.A. Oxidized lipoproteins degrade the endothelial surface layer: Implications for platelet-endothelial cell adhesion. Circulation 2000, 101, 1500–1502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohani, M., Jogestrand, T., Ekberg, M., van der Linden, J., Källner, G., Jussila, R., Agewall, S. Interrelation between the extent of atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta, carotid intima-media thickness and the extent of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2005, 179, 311–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo, T., Vicent, D., Suzuma, K., Yanagisawa, M., King, G.L., Holzenberger, M., Kahn, C.R. Knockout of insulin and IGF-1 receptors on vascular endothelial cells protects against retinal neovascularization. J Clin Invest 2003, 111, 1835–1842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, C.K., Barnard, R.J., Sindhu, R.K., Jurczak, M., Ehdaie, A., Vaziri, N.D. A high-fat, refined-carbohydrate diet induces endothelial dysfunction and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and depresses NOS protein expression. J Appl Physiol 2005, 98, 203–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad, M.J., Velloso, L.A., Carvalho, C.R. Angiotensin II induces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 and its association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in rat heart. Biochem J 1995, 310 (Pt 3), 741–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rexrode, K.M., Manson, J.E., Hennekens, C.H. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 1996, 11, 490–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton, D., Harris, M.B., Kemp, B.E., Venema, R.C., Marrero, M.B., Stepp, D.W. Insulin resistance does not diminish eNOS expression, phosphorylation, or binding to HSP-90. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004, 287, H2384–H2393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsueh, W.A., Law, R.E. Insulin signaling in the arterial wall. Am J Cardiol 1999, 84, 21J–24J.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigro, J., Osman, N., Dart, A.M., Little, P.J. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Endocr Rev 2006, 27, 242–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, G., Trevillyan, J.M. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a target for the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002, 3, 1608–1616.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kasibhatla, B., Wos, J., Peters, K.G. Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase to enhance insulin action for the potential treatment of diabetes. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2007, 8, 805–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, M.K., Kang, D.G., Lee, J.K., Kim, J.S., Lee, H.S. Vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of rhubarb via a NO-cGMP pathway. Life Sci 2006, 78, 1550–1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zecchin, H.G., Priviero, F.B., Souza, C.T., Zecchin, K.G., Prada, P.O., Carvalheira, J.B., Velloso, L.A., Antunes, E., Saad, M.J. Defective insulin and acetylcholine induction of endothelial cell-nitric oxide synthase through insulin receptor substrate/Akt signaling pathway in aorta of obese rats. Diabetes 2007, 56, 1014–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scalia, R., Gooszen, M.E., Jones, S.P., Hoffmeyer, M., Rimmer, D.M. 3rd, Trocha, S.D., Huang, P.L., Smith, M.B., Lefer, A.M., Lefer, D.J. Simvastatin exerts both anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 2001, 103, 2598–2603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimmeler, S., Fleming, I., Fisslthaler, B., Hermann, C., Busse, R., Zeiher, A.M. Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature 1999, 399, 601–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton, D., Gratton, J.P., McCabe, T.J., Fontana, J., Fujio, Y., Walsh, K., Franke, T.F., Papapetropoulos, A., Sessa, W.C. Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt. Nature 1999, 399, 597–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prada, P.O., Zecchin, H.G., Gasparetti, A.L., Torsoni, M.A., Ueno, M., Hirata, A.E., Corezola do Amaral, M.E., Höer, N.F., Boschero, A.C., Saad, M.J. Western diet modulates insulin signaling, c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity, and insulin receptor substrate-1ser307 phosphorylation in a tissue-specific fashion. Endocrinology 2005, 146, 1576–1587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virkamäki, A., Ueki, K., Kahn, C.R. Protein-protein interaction in insulin signaling and the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1999, 103, 931–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zecchin, H.G., Bezerra, R.M., Carvalheira, J.B., Carvalho-Filho, M.A., Metze, K., Franchini, K.G., Saad, M.J. Insulin signalling pathways in aorta and muscle from two animal models of insulin resistance–the obese middle-aged and the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Diabetologia 2003, 46, 479–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar