Levamisole Restored the Compromized State of Immunity after Specific Chemotherapy in Experimental Schistosomiasis Mansoni

References

• Thienpont D., Vanpanjs O. F. J., Raeymaekers A. H. M., Vandenberk J., Demoen P. J. A., Allewijn F. T. N., Marsboom R. P. H., Niemegeers C. J. E., Schellekens K. H.L., Janssen P. A. J. Tetramisole (R 8299) a new broad spectrum anthelminthic. Nature 1966; 209: 1084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen P. A. J. Recent advances in the treatment of parasitic infections in man. Prgress research, E. Jucker. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel 1974; Vol 18: 191
   Google Scholar
• Van Ginckel R. f., Hoebeke J. Carbon clearance enhancing factor in serum for levamisole treated mice. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 1975; 17((2))65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merluzzi V. J., Kaiser C. W., Cooperband S. R. Differential effects of levamisole on murine lymphoid tissue. Fed. Proc 1976; 35((3))334
   Google Scholar
• Renoux G., Renoux M. Mechanismes d'action du levamisole stimulant de response d'immunite cellulaire. Ann. Immunol., (Paris) 1977; 128C: 275
   Google Scholar
• Jarish R., Sandor I. MIF in der Therapickontrolle Von Herpes Simplex Recidivans: Behandlung mit levamisole. BCG, Urushiol und Herpes Antigen Vaccine. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1977; 258: 151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oshita A. K., Rothstein G., Lonngi G. cGMP stimulation of stern cell proliferation. Blood 1977; 49: 585
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Reilly R. J., Chibbaro A., Wilmot R., Lopez C. Correlation of clinical and virus-specific immune respone following levamisole therapy of recurrent herpes progenitalis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1977; 284: 161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon B. L., Yanagihara R. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with the T-cell immunopotentiator levamisole: a follow-up report of 16 patients under treatment for a minimum period of four months. Ann Allergy 1977; 39((4))227
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goebel K. M., Goebel F. D., Schubotz R., Hahn E., Neurath F. Levamisole induced immunostimulation in spondylarthropaties. Lancet 1977; II: 214
   Google Scholar
• Amery W. K., Verhaegen H. Effects of levamisole treatment in cancer patients. J. Rheumatol. 1978; 5((4))123
   Google Scholar
• Willoughby D. A., Wood C. Levamisole in cancer, Forum on Immunotherapy. Roy. Soc. Med. 1978; 2: 1
   Google Scholar
• Kagan I. G., Lee C. L. duration of acquired immunity of Schistosoma douthitti infections in mice following treatment. J. Infect. Dis. 1953; 97: 187
   Google Scholar
• Cheever A. W., De Witt W. B., Warren K. S. Repeated infection and treatment of mice with Schistosoma mansoni: Functional. anatomic and immunologic observations. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 1965; 14: 239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Striebel H. P., Sarasin G. Immunization experiments with various booster antigens after Chemotherapeutic eradication of Schistosoma mansoni in white mice. “Nuclear techniques in helminthology Research”. Intern. At Energy Agency, Vienna, 145
   Google Scholar
• Doenhoff M., Bickle Q., Bain J., Webbe G, Nelson G. Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. V. Reduction in the degree of resistance to reinfection after chemotherapeutic elimination of recently patent primary infections. J. Helminth. 1980; 54: 7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail S. H., Botros S. S., El-Nahal H. M., Azab M. E., Shaker Z., El-Garem A. State of resistance to reinfection and immune response after specific chemotherapy in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni, Under publication
   Google Scholar
• Makled M. K., Gindy M. S., Abdel-Wahab M. F., El-Missiry A. G., Bebars M. A., Soffar S. A. Parasitological and clinical effect of levamisole in intestinal bilharziasis. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasito. 1985; 15((1))293
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dean D., Minard P., Murrell K. S., Vannier W. Resistance of mice to secondary infection with Schistosoma mansoni II Evidence for a correlation between egg deposition and worm elimination. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1978; 27: 957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickle Q. D., Ford M. J., Andrews B. J. Studies on the development of anti-schistosomular surface antibodies by mice exposed to irradiated cercariae. adults and/or egg of Schistosoma mansoni. Parasite Immunol. 1983; 5: 499
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colley D. G., Freeman G. L. Differences in adult Schistosoma mansoni worm burden requirements for the establishment of resistance to reinfection in mice II C57 BI/KsJ, SWR/J, Balb/CAnN, DBA/2N, A/JB10. A(3R) and B10. A(5R) mice. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1983; 32: 543
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• James S. L., Cheever A. W. Comparison of immune response between high and low responder mice in the concomitant immunity and vaccine models of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol. 1985; 91: 301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smithers S. R., Simpson A. J. G. TiX., Omer-Ali P., Kelly C., Mc Laren D. J. The mouse model of schistosome immunity. Acta Trop. 1987; 44((12))21
   Google Scholar
• Doenhoff M., Bickle Q., Long E., Bain J., Mc Gregor A. Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. I. Demonstration of resistance to reinfection using a model system that involves perfusion of mice within three weeks of challenge. J. Helminthol. 1973; 52: 173
   Google Scholar
• Kloetzel K. Egg and pigment production in S. mansoni infections of the white mouse r Am. J. Trop. lied. Hyg. 1967; 16: 293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boros D. L., Warren K. S. Delayed hypersenstivity type granuloma formation and dermal reaction induced and elicited by a soluble factor isolated from Schistosoma mansoni eggs. J. Exp. Med. 1870; 132: 488
   Google Scholar
• Swoveland P. I., Ghonson K. P. Enhancement of fluorescent antibody staining of viral antigens in formalin fixed tissue by trypsin digestion. J. Infect. Dis. 1979; 140: 4BS
   Google Scholar
• Smithers S. R., Doenhoft M. J., Schistosomiasis I. Immunology of parasitic infections, S. Cohen, K. S. Warren. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford 1982; 21
   Google Scholar
• Dean D. A. A review. Schistosoma and related genera: acquired resistance in mice. Exp. Parasitol. 1983; 55: 1–104
   Google Scholar
• Long E., Harrison R., Bickle Q., Bain J., Nelson G., Doenhoff M. Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. The effect of varying the route and the number of primary infections and the correlation between the size of primary infection and the degree of resistance that is acquired. Parasitol. 1980; 81: 355
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dean D. A., Bukowski M. A., Cheever A. W. Relationship between acquired resistance, portal hypertension and lung granuloma in ten strains of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1981; 30: 306
   Google Scholar
• Harrison R. A., Bickle Q., Doenhoff M. J. Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. Evidence that the mechanisms which mediate resistance during early patent infections may lack immunological specificity. Parasitol. 1982; 84: 93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bickle Q. D., Bain J., Mc Gregor A., Doenhoff M. Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni III. The failure of primary infections with cercariae of one sex to induce resistance to reinfections. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1979; 73: 37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bickle Q. D., Long E. G., James E. R., Doenhoff M. J., Festing M. Schistosoma mansoni: Influence of hosts sex, age and strain on resistance to reinfection. Exp. Parasitol. 1980; 50: 222
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colley D. G., Freeman G. L. Differences in adult Schistosoma mansoni worm burden requirements for the establishment of resistance to reinfection in inbred mice I CBA/R an C57 B1/6 mice. Am. J. Trop. lied. Hyg. 1980; 29: 1273
   Google Scholar
• Wilson R. A. Is immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in chronically laboratory mouse an artefact of pathology?. Proceedings of the third European Multicolloquium of Parasitol. 1980; 37
   Google Scholar
• Mc Hugh S. M., Patricia C. S., Wilson R. A. Pathologically induced alterations in the dimensions of the hepatic portal vasculature of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol. 1987; 94: 69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Symoens J., Rosenthal M. Levamisole in the modulation of the immune response: the current experimental and clinical state. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 1977; 21: 175
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doenhoff M., Long E. Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse IV. The inability of T-cell deprived mice to resist reinfection and other in vivo studies on the mechanism of resistance. Parasitol. 1979; 78: 171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slier A., Hieny S., James S. L., Asofsky R. Mechanism of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. J. immunol. 1982; 128: 1880
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mc Laren D. J. Role of granulocytes in immune defense against parasites. Zentralblatt Bakteriol. Parasitenk. 1982; 12: 57
   Google Scholar
• Mc Laren D. J. Parasite defense mechanism. Inflammation: Basic mechanisms, tissue injuring principles and clinical models, P. Venge, A. Lindbom. Almquist and Wiksell, UppsalaSweden 1986; 219
   Google Scholar
• Mc Laren D. J., James S. L. Ultrastructural studies of the in vitro interaction between activated macrophages and schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. Parasite Immunol. 1985; 7: 315
   PubMedGoogle Scholar