REFERENCES
- Giner M, Laviano A, Meguid MM, In 1995 a correlation still exists between malnutrition and poor outcome in critically ill patients. Nutrition. 1996;12:23–29.
- Gianotti L, Braga M, Vignali A, Effect of route of delivery and formulation of postoperative nutritional support in patients undergoing major operations for malignant neoplasms. Arch Surg. 1997;132:1222–1230.
- Windsor JA, Hill GL. Protein depletion and surgical risk. Aust N Z J Surg. 1988;58:711–715.
- Muller JM, Brenner U, Dienst C, Preoperative parenteral feeding in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma. Lancet. 1982;1:68–71.
- The Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group. Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients.N Engl J Med. 1991;325:525–532.
- Alexander JW, Macmillan BG, Stinnett JD. Beneficial effect of aggressive protein feeding in severely burned children. Ann Surg. 1980;182:505–517.
- Enrione EB, Gelfand MJ, Morgan D, The effects of rate and route of nutrient intake on protein metabolism. J Surg Res. 1986;40:320–325.
- Saito H, Trocki O, Alexander JW, The effect of route of nutrient administration on the nutritional state, catabolic hormone secretion, and gut mucosal integrity after burn injury. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987;11:1–7.
- Deitch EA, Winterton J, Li M, et al. The gut as a portal of entry for bacteremia: role of protein malnutrition. Ann Surg. 1987;205:681–692.
- Moore EE, Jones TN. Benefits of immediate jejunostomy feeding after major abdominal trauma—a prospective, randomized study. J Trauma. 1986;26:874–881.
- Moore FA, Moore EE, Jones TN, TEN versus TPN following major abdominal trauma-reduced septic morbidity. J Trauma. 1989;29:916–922.
- Kaur N, Gupta MK, Minocha VR. Early enteral feeding by nasoenteric tubes in patients with perforation peritonitis. World J Surg. 2005;29:1023–1027.
- Peter JV, Moran JL, Phillips-Hughes J. A meta-analysis of treatment outcomes of early enteral versus early parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:213–220.
- Heslin MJ, Latkany L, Leung D, A prospective, randomized trial of early enteral feeding after resection of upper gastrointestinal malignancy. Ann Surg. 1997;226:567–577.
- Karcz W, Głuszek S, Kot M, Influence of nutritional treatment on the postoperative course in patients with gastric cancer. Adv Med Sci. 2006;51:278–282.
- Daly J, Redmond H, Gallagher H. Perioperative nutrition in cancer patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1992;16(6 Suppl):100S–105S.
- Heyland DK, Dhaliwal, R. Immunonutrition in the critically ill: from old approaches to new paradigms. Intensive Care Med. 2005;31:501–503.
- Klein S. A primer of nutritional support for gastroenterologists. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:1677–1687.
- Klein S, Kinney J, Jeejeebhoy K, et al. Nutrition support in clinical practice: review of published data and recommendations for future research directions. Summary of a conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:683–706.
- Adams S, Dellinger E, Wertz M, Enteral versus parenteral nutritional support following laparotomy for trauma: a randomized prospective trial. J Trauma. 1986;26:882–891.
- Mverdy J, Aoys E, Moss G. Total parenteral nutrition promotes bacterial translocation from the gut. Surgery. 1988;104:185–190.
- Gianotti L, Nelson J, Mexander J, Postinjury hypermetabolic response and magnitude of translocation: prevention by early nutrition. Nutrition. 1994;10:225–231.
- Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Enteral versus parenteral feeding: effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg. 1992; 215:503–511.
- Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover JW, Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. J Am Med Assoc. 2001;286:944–953.
- Elia M, Van Bokhorst-de Van Der Schueren MA, Garvey J, Enteral (oral or tube administration) nutritional support and eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with cancer: a systematic review. Int J Oncol. 2006;28:5–23.
- Lewis SJ, Egger M, Sylvester PA, Early enteral feeding versus “nil by mouth” after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Br Med J. 2001;323:773–776.
- Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:2264–2270.
- Peter JV, Moran JL, Phillips-Hughes J. A meta-analysis of treatment outcomes of early enteral versus early parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:213–220.
- Mazaki T, Ebisawa K. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition after gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in the English literature. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:739–755.
- Sand J, Luostarinen M, Matikainen M. Enteral or parenteral feeding after total gastrectomy: prospective randomised pilot study. Eur J Surg. 1997;163:761–766.
- Papapietro K, Díaz E, Csendes A, Early enteral nutrition in cancer patients subjected to a total gastrectomy. Rev Med Chil. 2002;130:1125–1130.
- Doglietto GB, Papa V, Tortorelli AP, Nasojejunal tube placement after total gastrectomy: a multicenter prospective randomized trial. Arch Surg. 2004;139:1309–1313.
- Carrère N, Seulin P, Julio CH, Is nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression necessary after gastrectomy? A prospective randomized trial. World J Surg. 2007;31:122–127.
- Hayashi JT, Wolfe BM, Calvert CC. Limited efficacy of early postoperative jejunal feeding. Am J Surg. 1985;150:52–57.
- Pupelis G, Selga G, Austrums E, Jejunal feeding, even when instituted late, improves outcomes in patients with severe pancreatitis and peritonitis. Nutrition. 2001;17:91–94.
- Sato T, Takayama T, Murayama KSI. Is retention of a nasogastric tube after esophagectomy a risk factor for postoperative respiratory tract infection? J Infect Chemother. 2007;13:109–113.