References
- Armitage AK, Dixon M, Frost BE, Mariner DC, Sinclair NM. 2004. The effect of inhalation volume and breath-hold duration on the retention of nicotine and solanesol in the human respiratory tract and on subsequent plasma nicotine concentrations during cigarette smoking. Beitr Tabakforsch Int 21:240–249.
- Aufderheide M, Mohr U. 2000. CULTEX—an alternative technique for cultivation and exposure of cells of the respiratory tract to airborne pollutants at the air/liquid interface. Exp Toxicol Pathol 52:265–270.
- Baumgartner H, Coggins CR. 1980. Description of a continuous-smoking inhalation machine for exposing small animals to tobacco smoke. Beitr Tabakforsch Int 10:169–174.
- Bombick DW, Ayres PH, Doolittle DJ. 1997a. Cytotoxicity assessment of whole smoke and vapor phase of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke from three Kentucky reference cigarettes. Toxicol Mech Methods 7:177–190.
- Bombick DW, Bombick BR, Ayres PH, Putnam K, Avalos J, Borgerding MF, Doolittle DJ. 1997b. Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of mainstream whole smoke and smoke condensate from a cigarette containing a novel carbon filter. Fundam Appl Toxicol 39:11–17.
- Borgwaldt KC GmbH. 2010. Smoking Machine RM20S. Hamburg. Description available at: http://www.borgwaldt.de/cms/borgwaldt-kc/produkte/rauchmaschinen/rotierende/rauchmaschine-brrm20s.html
- Cantral DE, Sisson JH, Veys T, Rennard SI, Spurzem JR. 1995. Effects of cigarette smoke extract on bovine bronchial epithelial cell attachment and migration. Am J Physiol 268:L723–L728.
- CORESTA. In Vitro Toxicology Task Force Report. 2005. In Vitro Exposure of Cells to Smoke at the Air–Liquid Interface. Paris: Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco. Available at: www.coresta.org/Reports/IVT_TF_Report_Smoke_Air_Liquid_Interface.pdf
- Health Canada. 2004. Official Method T-503. In Vitro Micronucleus Assay for Mainstream Tobacco Smoke. Ottawa: Health Canada.
- International Organization for Standardization. 1999. ISO-3402. Tobacco and Tobacco Products—Atmosphere for Conditioning and Testing. Geneva: ISO. Available at: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=28324
- Kishioka T, Iida C, Fujii K, Nagae R, Onishi Y, Ichi I, Kojo S. 2007. Effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on oxidative stress, activation of mitogen activated protein kinase and necrosis caused by thioacetamide in the rat liver. Eur J Pharmacol 564:190–195.
- Lannan S, Donaldson K, Brown D, MacNee W. 1994. Effect of cigarette smoke and its condensates on alveolar epithelial cell injury in vitro. Am J Physiol 266:L92–L100.
- Lestari F, Markovic B, Green AR, Chattopadhyay G, Hayes AJ. 2006. Comparative assessment of three in vitro exposure methods for combustion toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 26:99–114.
- Massey E, Aufderheide M, Koch W, Lodding H, Pohlmann G, Windt H, Jarck P, Knebel JW. 1998. Micronucleus induction in V79 cells after direct exposure to whole cigarette smoke. Mutagenesis 13:145–149.
- Misra M, Leverette RD, Hamm JT, Vulimiri SV. 2010. In vitro toxicological evaluation of cigarette smoke particulate phase matter: effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. Beitr Tabakforsch Int 24:1–9.
- Nakayama T, Kaneko M, Kodama M, Nagata C. 1985. Cigarette smoke induces DNA single-strand breaks in human cells. Nature 314:462–464.
- Phillips J, Kluss B, Richter A, Massey E. 2005. Exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to whole cigarette smoke: assessment of cellular responses. Altern Lab Anim 33:239–248.
- Phillips J, Richter A, Massey ED. 2004. Determination of the Cytotoxicity of Whole Cigarette Smoke. Presented at The Annual Congress of the British Toxicological Society. April 21–24. Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh. Available at: http://www.bat-science.com/groupms/sites/BAT_7AWFH3.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO7AXGRG?opendocument&SKN=1
- Rodgman A, Perfetti TA. 2009a. The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 928 p.
- Rodgman A, Perfetti TA. 2009b. The chemical components identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke prior to 1954: a chronology of classical chemistry. Beitr Tabakforsch Int 23:277–333.
- Scian MJ, Oldham MJ, Kane DB, Edmiston JS, McKinney WJ. 2009. Characterization of a whole smoke in vitro exposure system (Burghart Mimic Smoker-01). Inhal Toxicol 21:234–243.
- Thorne D, Wilson J, Kumaravel TS, Massey ED, McEwan M. 2009. Measurement of oxidative DNA damage induced by mainstream cigarette smoke in cultured NCI-H292 human pulmonary carcinoma cells. Mutat Res 673:3–8.
- Walaszek Z, Hanausek M, Slaga TJ. 2007. The role of skin painting in predicting lung cancer. Int J Toxicol 26:345–351.
- Wieczorek R, Röper W. 2006. Effect of Vapour Phase on Whole Cigarette Mainstream Smoke In Vitro Cytotoxicity. Presented at CORESTA Congress. October 15–20. Paris, France. Personal communication. Abstract SS28 available at: http://www.coresta.org/Past_Abstracts/Paris2006-SmokeTech-Oct06.pdf