Lung biodurability and free radical production of cellulose nanomaterials

References

• Agarwal UP, Reiner RS, Ralph SA. (2010). Cellulose I crystallinity determination using FT-Raman spectroscopy: univariate and multivariate methods. Cellulose 17:721–33
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexandrescu L, Syverud K, Gatti A, Chinga-Carrasco G. (2013). Cytotoxicity tests of cellulose nanofibril-based structures. Cellulose 20:1765–75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM International. (2008a). D4239-08: standard test method for sulfur in the analysis sample of coal and coke using high-temperature tube furnace combustion methods. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM standards and publications
   Google Scholar
• ASTM International. (2008b). D5373-08: standard test methods for instrumental determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in laboratory samples of coal. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM standards and publications
   Google Scholar
• Bai W, Holbery J, Li KC. (2009). A technique for production of nanocrystalline cellulose with a narrow size distribution. Cellulose 16:455–65
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck S, Bouchard J, Berry R. (2012). Dispersibility in water of dried nanocrystalline cellulose. Biomacromolecules 13:1486–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buettner GR. (1987). Spin trapping: ESR parameters of spin adducts. Free Radic Biol Med 3:259–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen RT, Searl A, Miller BG, et al. (2000). Pulmonary and intraperitoneal inflammation induced by cellulose fibres. J Appl Toxicol 20:49–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlgren C, Karlsson A, Bylund J. (2007). Measurement of respiratory burst products generated by professional phagocytes. Methods Mol Biol 412:349–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donaldson K, Murphy F, Schinwald A, et al. (2011). Identifying the pulmonary hazard of high aspect ratio nanoparticles to enable their safety-by-design. Nanomedicine 6:43–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson K, Schinwald A, Murphy F, et al. (2013). The biologically effective dose in inhalation nanotoxicology. Acc Chem Res 46:723–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenoglio I, Tomatis M, Lison D, et al. (2006). Reactivity of carbon nanotubes: free radical generation or scavenging activity? Free Radic Biol Med 40:1227–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch GL, Mewhinney JA, Eidson AF, et al. (1988). In vitro dissolution characteristics of beryllium oxide and beryllium metal aerosols. J Aerosol Sci 19:333–42
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French AD, Bertoniere NR, Brown RM, et al. (2003). Cellulose. In: Kroschwitz JI. (ed.) Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 360–94
   Google Scholar
• Future Markets Inc. (2012). Nanocellulose: a technology and market study. Belfast, UK: Future Markets Inc
   Google Scholar
• Habibi Y, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ. (2010). Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Rev 110:3479–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbe M, Rojas O, Lucia L, Sain M. (2008). Cellulosic nanocomposites: a review. BioResources 3:929–80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janzen EG, Blackburn BJ. (1968). Detection and identification of short-lived free radicals by an electron spin resonance trapping technique. J Am Chem Soc 90:5909–10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanapilly GM, Raabe OG, Goh CH, Chimenti RA. (1973). Measurement of in vitro dissolution of aerosol particles for comparison to in vivo dissolution in the lower respiratory tract after inhalation. Health Phys 24:497–507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krusic PJ, Wasserman E, Keizer PN, et al. (1991). Radical reactions of C60. Science 254:1183–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KY, Tammelin T, Schulfter K, et al. (2012). High performance cellulose nanocomposites: comparing the reinforcing ability of bacterial cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:4078–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehnert BE, Morrow PE. (1985). Association of 59iron oxide with alveolar macrophages during alveolar clearance. Exp Lung Res 9:1–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard SS, Chen BT, Stone SG, et al. (2010). Comparison of stainless and mild steel welding fumes in generation of reactive oxygen species. Part Fibre Toxicol 7:32 . doi:10.1186/1743-8977-7-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard SS, Wang S, Zang L, et al. (2000). Role of molecular oxygen in the generation of hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals during enzymatic Cr (IV) reduction and its implication to Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 19:49–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Male KB, Leung ACW, Montes J, et al. (2012). Probing inhibitory effects of nanocrystalline cellulose: inhibition versus surface charge. Nanoscale 4:1373–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansikkamaki P, Lahtinen M, Rissanen K. (2007). The conversion from cellulose I to cellulose II in NaOH mercerization performed in alcohol-water systems: an X-ray powder diffraction study. Carbohydr Polym 68:35–43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez KF, Eastlak A, Rudie A, Geraci C. (2013). Occupational exposure characterization during the manufacture of cellulose nanomaterials. In: Postek M, Moon RJ, Rudie AW, Bilodeau MA. (eds.) Production and applications of cellulose nanomaterials. Peachtree Corners, GA: TAPPI Press, 61–4
   Google Scholar
• Mathew AP, Oksman K, Pierron D, Harmand MF. (2013). Biocompatible fibrous networks of cellulose nanofibres and collagen crosslinked using genipin: potential as artificial lgament/tendons. Macromol Biosci 13:289–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, et al. (2011). Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 40:3941–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhle H, Ernst H, Bellmann B. (1997). Investigation of the durability of cellulose fibres in rat lungs. Ann Occup Hyg 41:184–8
   Google Scholar
• Park S, Baker JO, Himmel ME, et al. (2010). Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance. Biotechnol Biofuels 3:10 . doi:10.1186/1754-6834-3-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira MM, Raposo NR, Brayner R, et al. (2013). Cytotoxicity and expression of genes involved in the cellular stress response and apoptosis in mammalian fibroblast exposed to cotton cellulose nanofibers. Nanotechnology 24:075103 . doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/7/075103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi WH, Wang MP. (2002). Size effect on the cohesive energy of nanoparticle. J Mater Sci Lett 21:1743–5
   Google Scholar
• Riddick T. (1968). Control of colloid stability through zeta potential: with a closing chapter on its relationship to cardiovascular disease. Wynnewood, PA: Livingston Publishing Company
   Google Scholar
• Roser M, Fischer D, Kissel T. (1998). Surface-modified biodegradable albumin nano- and microspheres. II: effect of surface charges on in vitro phagocytosis and biodistribution in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 46:255–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz MM, Cavaille JY, Dufresne A, et al. (2000). Processing and characterization of new thermoset nanocomposites based on cellulose whiskers. Composite Interf 7:117–31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito T, Hirota M, Tamura N, et al. (2009). Individualization of nano-sized plant cellulose fibrils by direct surface carboxylation using TEMPO catalyst under neutral conditions. Biomacromolecules 10:1992–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seehra MS, Akkineni LP, Yalamanchi M, et al. (2012). Structural characteristics of nanoparticles produced by hydrothermal pretreatment of cellulose and their applications for electrochemical hydrogen generation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:9514–23
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal L, Creely JJ, Martin AE, Conrad CM. (1959). An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer. Textile Res J 29:786–94
   Google Scholar
• Sehaqui H, Zhou Q, Ikkala O, Berglund LA. (2011). Strong and tough cellulose nanopaper with high specific surface area and porosity. Biomacromolecules 12:3638–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siqueira G, Bras J, Follain N, et al. (2013). Thermal and mechanical properties of bio-nanocomposites reinforced by Luffa cylindrica cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 91:711–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefaniak AB, Guilmette RA, Day GA, et al. (2005). Characterization of phagolysosomal simulant fluid for study of beryllium aerosol particle dissolution. Toxicol In Vitro 19:123–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun CQ, Wang Y, Tay BK, et al. (2002). Correlation between the melting point of a nanosolid and the cohesive energy of a surface atom. J Phys Chem B 106:10701–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatrai E, Adamis Z, Bohm U, et al. (1995). Role of cellulose in wood dust-induced fibrosing alveo-bronchiolitis in rat. J Appl Toxicol 15:45–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taurozzi JS, Hackley VA, Wiesner MR. (2011). Ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles for environmental, health and safety assessment – issues and recommendations. Nanotoxicology 5:711–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallyathan V, Blake T, Leonard S, et al. (1999). In vitro toxicity of silica substitutes used for abrasive blasting. Am J Ind Med (Suppl. 1):158–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vartiainen J, Pohler T, Sirola K, et al. (2011). Health and environmental safety aspects of friction grinding and spray drying of microfibrillated cellulose. Cellulose 18:775–86
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittmaack K. (2006). In search of the most relevant parameter for quantifying lung inflammatory response to nanoparticle exposure: particle number, surface area, or what? Environ Health Perspect 114:187–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoppe JO, Peresin MS, Habibi Y, et al. (2009). Reinforcing poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanofibers with cellulose nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 1:1996–2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar