References
- Anzueto A, Delemos RA, Seidenfeld J, et al. (1990). Acute inhalation toxicity of soman and sarin in baboons. Fundam Appl Toxicol 14:676–87
- Appelman LM, Ten Berge WF, Reuzel PG. (1982). Acute inhalation toxicity study of ammonia in rats with variable exposure periods. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 43:662–5
- Back A, Tupper KY, Bai T, et al. (2011). Ammonia-induced brain swelling and neurotoxicity in an organotypic slice model. Neurol Res 33:1100–18
- Brautbar N, Wu MP, Richter ED. (2003). Chronic ammonia inhalation and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Environ Health 58:592–6
- Calverley PM, Boonsawat W, Cseke Z, et al. (2003). Maintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 22:912–19
- Close LG, Catlin FI, Cohn AM. (1980). Acute and chronic effects of ammonia burns on the respiratory tract. Arch Otolaryngol 106:151–8
- Conn HO. (1999). Hyperammonia and cerebral herniation: is an abnormality of ammonia metabolism responsible? Am J Gastroenterol 94:3646–9
- Coon RA, Jones RA, Jenkins Jr LJ, Siegel J. (1970). Animal inhalation studies on ammonia, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, dimethylamine, and ethanol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 16:646–55
- de Lange DW, Meulenbelt J. (2011). Do corticosteroids have a role in preventing or reducing acute toxic lung injury caused by inhalation of chemical agents? Clin Toxicol (Phila) 49:61–71
- Flury KE, Dines DE, Rodarte JR, Rodgers R. (1983). Airway obstruction due to inhalation of ammonia. Mayo Clin Proc 58:389–93
- George A, Bang RL, Lari AR, et al. (2000). Liquid ammonia injury. Burns 26:409–13
- Lan R, Irvine JT, Tao S. (2013). Synthesis of ammonia directly from air and water at ambient temperature and pressure. Sci Rep 3:1145–9
- Leung CM, Foo CL. (1992). Mass ammonia inhalational burns-experience in the management of 12 patients. Ann Acad Med Singapore 21:624–9
- Li W, Liu F, Wang C, et al. (2013). Novel insights into phosgene-induced acute lung injury in rats: role of dysregulated cardiopulmonary reflexes and nitric oxide in lung edema pathogenesis. Toxicol Sci 131:612–28
- Liang YH, Liu Q, Feng SH. (2009). [Treatment of patients burned by ammonia and complicated with inhalation injury]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 27:175–6
- Makarovsky I, Markel G, Dushnitsky T, Eisenkraft A. (2008). Ammonia – when something smells wrong. Isr Med Assoc J 10:537–43
- Matute-Bello G, Downey G, Moore BB, et al. (2011). An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: features and measurements of experimental acute lung injury in animals. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 44:725–38
- Montague TJ, Macneil AR. (1980). Mass ammonia inhalation. Chest 77:496–8
- Mossman BT, Janssen YM, Marsh JP, et al. (1991). Development and characterization of a rapid-onset rodent inhalation model of asbestosis for disease prevention. Toxicol Pathol 19:412–18
- Noel-Georis I, Bernard A, Falmagne P, Wattiez R. (2002). Database of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 771:221–36
- Noel-Georis I, Vallaeys T, Chauvaux R, et al. (2004). Global analysis of the Ralstonia metallidurans proteome: prelude for the large-scale study of heavy metal response. Proteomics 4:151–79
- Norenberg MD, Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR. (2004). Ammonia neurotoxicity and the mitochondrial permeability transition. J Bioenerg Biomembr 36:303–7
- Ortiz-Pujols S, Jones SW, Short KA, et al. (2014). Management and sequelae of a 41-year-old Jehovah's witness with severe anhydrous ammonia inhalation injury. J Burn Care Res 35:e180–3
- Pauluhn J. (2013). Acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia: revisiting the importance of RD50 and LCT01/50 relationships for setting emergency response guideline values. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 66:315–25
- Perkins MW, Pierre Z, Rezk P, et al. (2010). Acute respiratory toxicity following inhalation exposure to soman in guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 245:171–8
- Perkins MW, Wong B, Rodriguez A, et al. (2013). Inhalation toxicity of soman vapor in non-anesthetized rats: a preliminary assessment of inhaled bronchodilator or steroid therapy. Chem Biol Interact 206:452–61
- Phalen RF. (1976). Inhalation exposure of animals. Environ Health Perspect 16:17–24
- Phalen RF, Mannix RC, Drew RT. (1984). Inhalation exposure methodology. Environ Health Perspect 56:23–34
- Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR, Norenberg DM. (2003). Ammonia neurotoxicity: role of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Metab Brain Dis 18:113–27
- Sciuto AM. (1998). Assessment of early acute lung injury in rodents exposed to phosgene. Arch Toxicol 72:283–8
- Sciuto AM, Clapp DL, Hess ZA, Moran TS. (2003). The temporal profile of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in mice exposed to the industrial gas phosgene. Inhal Toxicol 15:687–700
- Sjoblom E, Hojer J, Kulling PE, et al. (1999). A placebo-controlled experimental study of steroid inhalation therapy in ammonia-induced lung injury. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 37:59–67
- Skowronska M, Albrecht J. (2013). Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ammonia neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 62:731–7
- Tian X, Tao H, Brisolara J, et al. (2008). Acute lung injury induced by chlorine inhalation in C57BL/6 and FVB/N mice. Inhal Toxicol 20:783–93
- Verberk MM. (1977). Effects of ammonia in volunteers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 39:73–81
- Weatherby JH. (1952). Chronic toxicity of ammonia fumes by inhalation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 81:300–1
- Weiss SM, Lakshminarayan S. (1994). Acute inhalation injury. Clin Chest Med 15:103–16
- Wong B, Perkins MW, Santos MD, et al. (2013). Development of a model for nerve agent inhalation in conscious rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 23:537–47
- Wong BA. (2007). Inhalation exposure systems: design, methods and operation. Toxicol Pathol 35:3–14
- Wu G, Xiao S, Sun Y, et al. (2015). [Advances in the research of clinical features and treatment of ammonia burns]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 31:76–8
- Zhang L, Nagai T, Yamada K, et al. (2013). Effects of sub-acute and sub-chronic inhalation of 1-bromopropane on neurogenesis in adult rats. Toxicology 304:76–82