Acute toxicity study of liposomal antioxidant formulations containing N-acetylcysteine, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol in rats

References

• Alipour, M., Omri, A., Smith, M. G., Suntres, Z. E. (2007). Prophylactic effect of liposomal N-acetylcysteine against LPS-induced liver injuries. J Endotoxin Res 13:297–304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen, T. M. (1998). Liposomal drug formulations. Rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Drugs 56:747–756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslantas, A. (2002). Development of Functional Models for a SOD. Met Based Drugs 9:9–18.
   Google Scholar
• Brann, D. W., Mahesh, V. B. (2005). The aging reproductive neuroendocrine axis. Steroids 70:273–283.
   Google Scholar
• Buonocore, C., Alipour, M., Omri, A., Pucaj, K., Smith, M. G., Suntres, Z. E. (2011). Treatment of ricin A-chain-induced hepatotoxicity with liposome-encapsulated N-acetylcysteine. J Drug Target 19:821–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buonocore, G., Perrone, S., Tataranno, M. L. (2010). Oxygen toxicity: chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 15:186–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, G. W. (1994). Vitamin E: molecular and biological function. Proc Nutr Soc 53:251–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnemolla, R., Shuvaev, V. V., Muzykantov, V. R. (2010). Targeting antioxidant and antithrombotic biotherapeutics to endothelium. Semin Thromb Hemost 36:332–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheeseman, K. H., Holley, A. E., Kelly, F. J., Wasil, M., Hughes, L., Burton, G. (1995). Biokinetics in humans of RRR-alpha-tocopherol: the free phenol, acetate ester, and succinate ester forms of vitamin E. Free Radic Biol Med 19:591–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantinides, P. P., Han, J., Davis, S. S. (2006). Advances in the use of tocols as drug delivery vehicles. Pharm Res 23:243–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davreux, C. J., Soric, I., Nathens, A. B., Watson, R. W., McGilvray, I. D., Suntres, Z. E., Shek, P. N., Rotstein, O. D. (1997). N-acetyl cysteine attenuates acute lung injury in the rat. Shock 8:432–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devine, D. V., Wong, K., Serrano, K., Chonn, A., Cullis, P. R. (1994). Liposome-complement interactions in rat serum: implications for liposome survival studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1191:43–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djordjevic, V. B. (2004). Free radicals in cell biology. In: International review of cytology (vol. 237, pp. 57–89). Kwang, W. J. (Ed.),New York: Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Dodd, S., Dean, O., Copolov, D. L., Malhi, G. S., Berk, M. (2008). N-acetylcysteine for antioxidant therapy: pharmacology and clinical utility. Expert Opin Biol Ther 8:1955–1962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, J., Shek, P. N., Suntres, Z. E., Li, Y. H., Oreopoulos, G. D., Rotstein, O. D. 2000. Liposomal antioxidants provide prolonged protection against acute respiratory distress syndrome. Surgery 128:332–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, B. A., Turrens, J. F., Mirza, Z., Crapo, J. D., Young, S. L. (1985). Modulation of oxidant lung injury by using liposome-entrapped superoxide dismutase and catalase. Fed Proc 44:2591–2595.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gregoriadis, G. (1991). Overview of liposomes. J Antimicrob Chemother 28 Suppl B:39–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoesel, L. M., Flierl, M. A., Niederbichler, A. D., Rittirsch, D., McClintock, S. D., Reuben, J. S. et al. (2008). Ability of antioxidant liposomes to prevent acute and progressive pulmonary injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 10:973–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishida, T., Harashima, H., Kiwada, H. (2002). Liposome clearance. Biosci Rep 22:197–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krzymowski, T., Stefanczyk-Krzymowska, S. (2002). Uterine blood supply as a main factor involved in the regulation of the estrous cycle–a new theory. Reprod Biol 2:93–114.
   Google Scholar
• Mandal, A. K., Das, S., Basu, M. K., Chakrabarti, R. N., Das, N. (2007). Hepatoprotective activity of liposomal flavonoid against arsenite-induced liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 320:994–1001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClintock, S. D., Hoesel, L. M., Das, S. K., Till, G. O., Neff, T., Kunkel, R. G., et al. (2006). Attenuation of half sulfur mustard gas-induced acute lung injury in rats. J Appl Toxicol 26:126–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minko, T., Stefanov, A., Pozharov, V. (2002). Selected contribution: Lung hypoxia: antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of liposomal alpha-tocopherol. J Appl Physiol 93:1550–60; discussion 1549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitsopoulos, P., Omri, A., Alipour, M., Vermeulen, N., Smith, M. G., Suntres, Z. E. (2008). Effectiveness of liposomal-N-acetylcysteine against LPS-induced lung injuries in rodents. Int J Pharm 363:106–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, S., Stone, W. L., Yang, H., Smith, M. G., Das, S. K. (2009). Protection of half sulfur mustard gas-induced lung injury in guinea pigs by antioxidant liposomes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:143–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhopadhyay, S., Mukherjee, S., Ray, B. K., Ray, A., Stone, W. L., Das, S. K. (2010). Antioxidant liposomes protect against CEES-induced lung injury by decreasing SAF-1/MAZ-mediated inflammation in the guinea pig lung. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:187–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzykantov, V. R. (2001a). Delivery of antioxidant enzyme proteins to the lung. Antioxid Redox Signal 3:39–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzykantov, V. R. (2001b). Targeting of superoxide dismutase and catalase to vascular endothelium. J Control Release 71:1–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakae, D., Yoshiji, H., Yamamoto, K., Maruyama, H., Kinugasa, T., Takashima, Y., et al. (1990). Influence of timing of administration of liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase on its prevention of acetaminophen-induced liver cell necrosis in rats. Acta Pathol Jpn 40:568–573.
   Google Scholar
• Niibori, K., Yokoyama, H., Crestanello, J. A., Whitman, G. J. (1998). Acute administration of liposomal coenzyme Q10 increases myocardial tissue levels and improves tolerance to ischemia reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 79:141–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nucci, M. L., Olejarczyk, J., Abuchowski, A. (1986). Immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol-modified superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Free Radic Biol Med 2:321–325.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obrenovich, M. E., Li, Y., Parvathaneni, K., Yendluri, B. B., Palacios, H. H., Leszek, J., et al. (2011). Antioxidants in health, disease and aging. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 10:192–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmanabhan, R. V., Gudapaty, R., Liener, I. E., Schwartz, B. A., Hoidal, J. R. (1985). Protection against pulmonary oxygen toxicity in rats by the intratracheal administration of liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase or catalase. Am Rev Respir Dis 132:164–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratnam, D. V., Ankola, D. D., Bhardwaj, V., Sahana, D. K.,Kumar, M. N. (2006). Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective. J Control Release 113:189–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redetzki, H. M., Wood, C. D., Grafton, W. D. (1980). Vitamin E and paraquat poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 22:395–397.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rigotti, A. (2007). Absorption, transport, and tissue delivery of vitamin E. Mol Aspects Med 28:423–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellers, R. S., Morton, D., Michael, B., Roome, N., Johnson, J. K., Yano, B. L., et al. (2007). Society of Toxicologic Pathology position paper: organ weight recommendations for toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol 35:751–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, W. L., Smith, M. (2004). Therapeutic uses of antioxidant liposomes. Mol Biotechnol 27:217–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storm, G., Wilms, H. P., Crommelin, D. J. (1991). Liposomes and biotherapeutics. Biotherapy 3:25–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suntres, Z. E. (2002). Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity. Toxicology 180:65–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suntres, Z. E. (2011). Liposomal Antioxidants for Protection against Oxidant-Induced Damage. J Toxicol 2011:152474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suntres, Z. E., Hepworth, S. R., Shek, P. N. (1993). Pulmonary uptake of liposome-associated alpha-tocopherol following intratracheal instillation in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 45:514–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suntres, Z. E., Shek, P. N. (1995). Prevention of phorbol myristate acetate-induced acute lung injury by alpha-tocopherol liposomes. J Drug Target 3:201–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suntres, Z. E., Shek, P. N. (1996). Alleviation of paraquat-induced lung injury by pretreatment with bifunctional liposomes containing alpha-tocopherol and glutathione. Biochem Pharmacol 52:1515–1520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suntres, Z. E., Shek, P. N. (1997). Protective effect of liposomal alpha-tocopherol against bleomycin-induced lung injury. Biomed Environ Sci 10:47–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suntres, Z. E., Shek, P. N. (1998). Prophylaxis against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by alpha-tocopherol liposomes. Crit Care Med 26:723–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szebeni, J., Alving, C. R., Rosivall, L., Bünger, R., Baranyi, L., Bedöcs, P., et al. (2007). Animal models of complement-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to liposomes and other lipid-based nanoparticles. J Liposome Res 17:107–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szebeni, J., Fontana, J. L., Wassef, N. M., Mongan, P. D., Morse, D. S., Dobbins, D. E., et al. (1999). Hemodynamic changes induced by liposomes and liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin in pigs: a model for pseudoallergic cardiopulmonary reactions to liposomes. Role of complement and inhibition by soluble CR1 and anti-C5a antibody. Circulation 99:2302–2309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torchilin, V. P. 2006. Recent approaches to intracellular delivery of drugs and DNA and organelle targeting. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 8:343–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turrens, J. F., Crapo, J. D., Freeman, B. A. (1984). Protection against oxygen toxicity by intravenous injection of liposome-entrapped catalase and superoxide dismutase. J Clin Invest 73:87–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valko, M., Rhodes, C. J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M., Mazur, M. (2006). Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 160:1–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, K. H., Kamal-Eldin, A., Elmadfa, I. (2004). Gamma-tocopherol–an underestimated vitamin? Ann Nutr Metab 48:169–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Quinn, P. J. (1999). Vitamin E and its function in membranes. Prog Lipid Res 38:309–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendel, A., Jaeschke, H., Gloger, M. (1982). Drug-induced lipid peroxidation in mice–II. Protection against paracetamol-induced liver necrosis by intravenous liposomally entrapped glutathione. Biochem Pharmacol 31:3601–3605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokoyama, H., Lingle, D. M., Crestanello, J. A., Kamelgard, J., Kott, B. R., Momeni, R., et al. (1996). Coenzyme Q10 protects coronary endothelial function from ischemia reperfusion injury via an antioxidant effect. Surgery 120:189–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida, Y., Saito, Y., Jones, L. S., Shigeri, Y. (2007). Chemical reactivities and physical effects in comparison between tocopherols and tocotrienols: physiological significance and prospects as antioxidants. J Biosci Bioeng 104:439–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, Z. P., Chen, L. J., Fan, L. Y., Tang, M. H., Yang, G. L., Yang, H. S., et al. (2006). Liposomal quercetin efficiently suppresses growth of solid tumors in murine models. Clin Cancer Res 12:3193–3199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar