Ammonium Sulfate Gradients for Efficient and Stable Remote Loading of Amphipathic Weak Bases into Liposomes and Ligandoliposomes.

References

• Barenholz Y., Crommelin D.J.A. Liposomes as pharmaceutical dosage forms. “Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology”. Marcel Dekker, New York 1993, in press
   Google Scholar
• Nichols J.W., Deamer D.W. Catecholamine uptake and concentration by liposomes maintaining pH gradients. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1976; 455: 269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer L.D., Bally M.B., Hope M.J., Cullis P.R. Uptake of antineoplastic agents into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a membrane potential. Chem. Phys. Lipids 1985; 40: 89
   Google Scholar
• Cowens J.W., Creaven P.J., Greco W.R., Brenner D.E., Tung Y., Ostro M., Pilkiewicz F., Ginsberg R., Petrelli N. Initial clinical (Phase I) trial of TLC D-99 (Doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes). Cancer Res. 1993; 53: 2796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturgeon R.J., Schulman S.G. Electronic absorption spectra and protolytic equilibria of doxorubicin: direct spectrophotometric determination of microconstants. J. Pharm. Sci. 1977; 66: 958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Gier J. Osmotic behaviour and permeability properties of liposomes. Chem. Phys. Lipids 1993; 64: 187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deamer D.W., Bramhall J. Permeability of lipid bilayers to water and ionic solutes. Chem. Phys. Lipids 1986; 40: 167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haran G., Cohen R., Bar L.K., Barenholz Y. Transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradients in liposomes produce efficient and stable entrapment of amphipathic weak bases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1993, in press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lasic D.D., Frederik P.M., Stuart M.C.A., Barenholz Y., Mcintosh T.J. Gelation of liposome interior. A novel method for drug encapsulation. FEBS Lett. 1992; 312: 255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabizon A., Barenholz Y., Bialer M. Prolongation of the circulation time of doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes containing a polyethylene glycol-derivatized phospholipid. Pharmacokinetic studies in rodents and dogs. Pharm. Res. 1993; 10: 703
   Google Scholar
• Gabizon A., Shiota R., Papahadjopoulos D. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of doxorubicin encapsulated in stable liposomes with long-circulation times. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1989; 81: 1484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabizon A.A., Catane R., Uziely B., Kaufman B., Safra T., Barenholz Y., Huang A. A pilot study of doxorubicin encapsulated in long-circulating (StealthR) liposomes in cancer patients. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 1992; 11: 124
   Google Scholar
• Emanuel N., Kedar E., Bolotin E.M., Smorodinsky N.I., Barenholz Y. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin-loaded sterically stabilized immunoliposomes. I. Preparation and characterization. 1993, Submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Amselem S., Cohen R., Druckmann S., Gabizon A., Goren D., Abra R.M., Huang A., New R., Barenholz Y. Preparation and characterization of liposomal doxorubicin for human use. J. Liposome Res. 1992; 2: 93
   Google Scholar
• Barenholz Y., Amselem S. Quality control assays in the development and clinical use of liposome-based formulations. “Liposome Technology”, Vol. I, 2nd edition, G. Gregoriadis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 1993; 527
   Google Scholar
• Amselem S., Gabizon A., Barenholz Y. Optimization and upscaling of doxorubicin-containing liposomes for clinical use. J. Pharm. Sci. 1990; 79: 1045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barenholz Y., Amselem S., Goren D., Cohen R., Gelvan D., Samuni A., Golden E., Barenholz Y. Stability of liposomal doxorubicin formulations: Problems and prospects. Med. Res. Rev. 1993; 13: 449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grit M., Zuidam J.N., Crommelin D.J.A. Analysis and hydrolysis kinetics of phospholipids in aqueous liposome dispersions. “Liposome Technology”, Vol. 1, 2nd edition, G. Gregoriadis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 1993; 455
   Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg D., Barenholz Y. Liposomes: preparation, characterization and preservation. “Methods in Biochemical Analysis”, D. Glick. Wiley, New York 1988; Vol. 33: 337
   Google Scholar
• Storm G., van Bloois L., Brouwer M., Crommelin D.J.A. The interaction of cytostatic drugs with adsorbents in aqueous media. The potential implications for liposome preparation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1985; 818: 343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barenholz Y., Gibbes D., Litman B.J., Goll J., Thompson T.E., Carlson F.D. A simple method for the preparation of homogeneous phospho-lipid vesicles. Biochemistry 1977; 16: 2806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amselem S., Cohen R., Barenholz Y. In vitro tests to predict in vivo performance of liposomal dosage forms. Chem. Phys. Lipids 1993, in press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas P.D., Poznansky M.J. Curvature and composition-dependent lipid asymmetry in phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing phosphatidylethanolamine and gangliosides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1989; 978: 85
   Google Scholar
• Langer A.B., Emanuel N., Even J., Fridman W.H., Gohar O., Gonen B., Katz B.Z., Ran M., Smorodinksy N.I., Witz I.F. Phenotypic properties of 3T3 cells transformed in vitro with polyoma virus and passaged once in syngeneic animals. Immunobiology 1992; 185: 281
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin F.J., Heath T.D., New R.R.C. Covalent attachment of proteins to liposomes. “Liposomes - A Practical Approach”, R.R.C. New. IRL Press, Oxford 1990; 163
   Google Scholar
• Lasic D.D. “Liposomes: From Physics to Applications”. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1993
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett G.R. Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. J. Biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreto J.C. Proton flux across artificial vesicle bilayers. Ph.D. thesis. University of Texas, Houston 1989
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker J.E., Haugland R.P., Ryan D., Dunn K., Maxfield F.R., Haugland R.P. Dual excitation, pH sensitive conjugates of dextran and transferrin for pH measurement during endocytosis utilizing 514 nm to 488 nm excitation ratios. Anal. Biochem. 1992; 207: 267
   Google Scholar
• Chaires J.B., Dattagupta N., Crothers D.M. Studies on interaction of anthracycline antibiotics and deoxyribonucleic acid: equilibrium binding studies on interaction of daunomycin with deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 1982; 21: 3927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen T.M., Agrawal A.K., Ahmad I., Hansen C.B., Zalipsky S. Antibody-mediated targeting of long-circulating (StealthR) liposomes. J. Liposome Res. 1993, in press
   Google Scholar
• Amselem S., Gabizon A., Barenholz Y. 1989-Evaluation of a new extrusion device for the production of stable oligolamellar liposomes in a liter scale. J. Liposome Res. 1990; 1: 287
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz A.T., Barenholz Y., Gabizon A.A. In vitro cytotoxicity of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin: Dependence on liposome composition and drug release. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1992; 1109: 203
   Google Scholar