Pathogenesis and Pathology of Intraocular Tuberculosis

References

• Tabbara KF. Tuberculosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007;18:493–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garip A, Diedrichs-Möhring M, Thurau SR, Deeg CA, Wildner G. Uveitis in a patient treated with Bacille-Calmette-Guérin: possible antigenic mimicry of mycobacterial and retinal antigens. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2457–2462 e1–e2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta NK, Karakousis PC. Latent tuberculosis infection: myths, models, and molecular mechanisms. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2014;78:343–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrios-Payán J, Saqui-Salces M, Jeyanathan M, et al. Extrapulmonary locations of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA during latent infection. J Infect Dis. 2012;206:1194–1205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta V, Arora S, Gupta A, Ram J, Bambery P, Sehgal S. Diagnostic efficacy of polymerase chain reaction in granulomatous uveitis. Tuber Lung Dis. 1999;79:229–233
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma K, Gupta V, Bansal R, Sharma A, Sharma M, Gupta A. Novel multi-targeted polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of presumed tubercular uveitis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013;3:25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balne PK, Modi RR, Choudhury N, et al. Factors influencing polymerase chain reaction outcomes in patients with clinically suspected ocular tuberculosis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2014;4:10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bansal R, Gupta A, Gupta V, Dogra MR, Bambery P, Arora SK. Role of anti-tubercular therapy in uveitis with latent/manifest tuberculosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:772–779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang M, Hedayatfar A, Wong W, Chee SP. Duration of anti-tubercular therapy in uveitis associated with latent tuberculosis: a case-control study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:332–336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal R, Gupta B, Gonzalez-Lopez JJ, et al. The role of anti-tubercular therapy in patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23:40–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta V, Gupta A, Rao NA. Intra-ocular tuberculosis – an update. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52:561–586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan N, Robertson BD, Thwaites G. The mechanisms and consequences of the extra-pulmonary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2010;90:361–366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao NA, Albini TA, Kumaradas M, Pinn ML, Fraig MM, Karakousis PC. Experimental ocular tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127:1162–1166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thayil SM, Albini TA, Nazari H, et al. Local ischemia and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor following ocular dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2011;6:28383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko MK, Saraswathy S, Parikh JG, Rao NA. The role of TLR4 activation in photoreceptor mitochondrial oxidative stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:5824–5835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar MV, Nagineni CN, Chin MS, Hooks JJ, Detrick B. Innate immunity in the retina: toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Neuroimmunol. 2004;153:7–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao NA, Saraswathy S, Smith RE. Tuberculous uveitis: distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the retinal pigment epithelium. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:1777–1779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazari H, Karakousis PC, Rao NA. Replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in retinal pigment epithelium. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132:724–729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell-Goldman E, Xu J, Wang X, Chan J, Tufariello JM. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rpf double-knockout strain exhibits profound defects in reactivation from chronic tuberculosis and innate immunity phenotypes. Infect. Immun. 2008;76: 4269–4281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang M, Cheung G, Vania M, et al. Aqueous cytokine and chemokine analysis in uveitis associated with tuberculosis. Mol Vis. 2012;18:565–573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong BK, Khanamiri HN, Bababeygy SR, Rao NA. The utility of routine tuberculosis screening in county hospital patients with uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:1091–1095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasmer RM, Bozeman L, Schwartzman K, et al. Recurrent tuberculosis in the United States and Canada: relapse or reinfection? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:1360–1366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García de Viedma D, Marín M, Hernangómez S, et al. Tuberculosis recurrences: reinfection plays a role in a population whose clinical/epidemiological characteristics do not favor reinfection. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1873–1879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamputa IC, Van Deun A, Salim MA, et al. Endogenous reactivation and true treatment failure as causes of recurrent tuberculosis in a high incidence setting with a low HIV infection. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:700–708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottenhoff TH. New pathways of protective and pathological host defense to mycobacteria. Trends Microbiol. 2012;20:419–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guirado E, Schlesinger LS. Modeling the Mycobacterium tuberculosis granuloma - the critical battlefield in host immunity and disease. Front Immunol. 2013;4:98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar R, Halder P, Sahu SK, et al. Identification of a novel role of ESAT-6-dependent miR-155 induction during infection of macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Microbiol. 2012;14:1620–1631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariotti S, Pardini M, Gagliardi MC, et al. Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fails to block phagosome maturation and shows unexpected capacity to stimulate specific human T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2013;191:274–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoop EJ, Mishra AK, Driessen NN, et al. Mannan core branching of lipo(arabino)mannan is required for mycobacterial virulence in the context of innate immunity. Cell Microbiol. 2013;15:2093–2108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin ND, Paris SC, Rojas M, Garcia LF. Functional profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in latently infected individuals and patients with active TB. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2013;93:155–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semple PL, Binder AB, Davids M, Maredza A, van Zyl-Smit RN, Dheda K. Regulatory T cells attenuate mycobacterial stasis in alveolar and blood-derived macrophages from patients with tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187:1249–1258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar NP, Gopinath V, Sridhar R, et al. IL-10 dependent suppression of type 1, type 2 and type 17 cytokines in active pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2013;8:59572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobat A, Orlova M, Barrera LF, Schurr E. Host genomics and control of tuberculosis infection. Public Health Genomics. 2013;16:44–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroblewski KJ, Hidayat AA, Neafie RC, Rao NA, Zapor M. Ocular tuberculosis: a clinicopathologic and molecular study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:772–777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas J, Madhavan HN, Gopal L, Badrinath SS. Intraocular tuberculosis. Clinicopathologic study of five cases. Retina 1995;15:461–468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathinam SR, Rao NA. Tuberculous intraocular infection presenting with a pigmented hypopyon: a clinicopathological case report. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:721–722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helm CJ, Holland GN. Ocular tuberculosis. Surv Ophthalmol. 1993;38:229–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu S, Mittal R, Balne PK, Sharma S. Intra-retinal tuberculosis. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:2192–2193 e2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta A, Bansal R, Gupta V, et al. Ocular signs predictive of tubercular uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:562–570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhavan HN, Therese KL, Gunisha P, Jayanthi U, Biswas J. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in epiretinal membrane in Eales’ disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:822–825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar