Prevalence and Associated Factors of Keratoconus in Jerusalem: A Cross-sectional Study

REFERENCES

• Krachmer JH, Feder RS, Belin MW. Keconratous and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders. Surv Ophthalmol 1984;28:293–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz YS. Keratoconus. Surv Ophthalmol 1998;42:297–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuft SJ, Moodaley Gregory, WM, Davison CR, Buckley RJ. Prognostic factors for the progression of keratoconus. Ophthalmology 1994;101:439–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertan A, Muftuoglu O. Keratoconus clinical findings according to different age and gender groups. Cornea 2008;27:1109–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lass JH, Lembach RG, Park SB, Hom DL, et al. Clinical management of keratoconus. Ophthalmology 1990;97:433–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward EG, Moodaley LC, O’Hagan A. Predictors for likelihood of corneal transplantation in keratoconus. Eye 1990;4:493–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crews MJ, Driebe WT, Stern GA. The clinical management of keratoconus: a 6 year retrospective study. CLAO J 1994;20:194–197.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zadnik K, Barr JT, Gordon MO. Biomicroscopic signs and disease severity in keratoconus. Cornea 1996;15:139–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ota R, Fujiki K, Nakayasu K. Esimation of patient visit rate and incidence of keratoconus in the 23 wards of Tokyo. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2002;106:365–372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon MO, Steger-May K, Szczotka-Flynn Joslin, RC, et al. Baseline factors predictive of incident penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;142:923–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihalainen A. Clinical and epidemiological features of keratoconus genetic and external factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1986;178(Suppl.):5–64.
   Google Scholar
• Lim N, Vogt U. Characteristics and functional outcomes of 130 patients with keratoconus attending a specialist contact lens clinic. Eye 2002;16:54–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frucht-Pery J, Shtibel H, Solomon A, Siganos CS, et al. Thirty years of penetrating keratoplasty in Israel. Cornea 1997;16:16–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claesson M, Armitage WJ. Corneal grafts at St John Hospital, Jerusalem, January 2001–November 2002. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:858–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards M, McGhee CNJ, Dean S. The genetics of keratoconus. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001;29:345–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz YS, Rasheed K. KISA% index: a quantitative videokeratography algorithm embodying minimal topographic critera for diagnosing keratoconus. JCataract Refract Surg 1999;25:1327–1335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assiri AA, Yousuf BI, Quantok AJ, Murphy PJ. Incidence and severity of keratoconus in Asir province, Saudi Arabia. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1403–1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorskova EN, Sevost’ianov EN. Epidemiology of keratoconus in the Urals. Vestn Oftalmol 1998;114:38–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jonas JB, Nangia V, Matin A, Kulkarni M, Bhojwani K. Prevalence and associations of keratoconus in rural Maharashtra in central India: the central India Eye Medical Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;148:760–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstetter H. A keratoscopic survey of 13,395 eyes. Am J Optom Am Acad Optom 1959;36:3–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kennedy RH, Bourne WM, Dyer JA. A 48-year clinical and epidemiological study of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;101:267–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen K, Hjortdal J, Aagard NE, Niels E. Incidence and prevalence of keratoconus in Denmark. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007;85:890–892.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santiago PY, Assouline M, Ducoussau F, Bazin S, et al. Epidemiology of keratoconus and corneal topography in normal young male subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:S307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millodot M, Owens H. Sensitivity and fragility in keratoconus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1983;61:908–917.
   Google Scholar
• Bawazeer AM, Hodge WG, Lorimer B. Atopy and keratoconus: a multivariate analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:834–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson AR, Soneji B, Sarvananthan N, Sandforth-Smith JH. Does ethnic origin influence the incidence or severity of keratoconus? Eye 2000;14:625–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens H, Gamble G. A profile of keratoconus in New Zealand. Cornea 2003;22:122–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgiou T, Funnell CL, Cassels-Brown A, O’Connor R. Influence of ethnic origin on the incidence of keratoconus and associated atopic diseases in Asian and white patients. Eye 2004;18:379–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanabe U, Fujiki K, Ogawa A, Ueda S, Kanai A. Prevalence of keratoconus patients in Japan. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1985;89:407–411.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buddi R, Lin B, Atilano SR, Zorapapel NC, Kenney MC, Brown DJ. Evidence of oxidative stress in human corneal diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2002;50:341–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenney MC, Brown DJ. The cascade hypothesis of keratoconus. Contact Lens Anterior Eye 2003;26:139–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Behndig A, Karlsson K, Johansson BO, Brannstrom T, Marklund SL. Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in the normal and diseased human cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:2293–2296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podskochy A, Fagerholm P. The expression of Fas ligand protein in ultraviolet-exposed rabbit corneas. Cornea 2002;21:91–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newkirk KM, Chandler HL, Parent AE, Young DC, Colitz CMH, Wilkie DA, Kusewitt DF. Ultraviolet radiation-induced corneal degeneration in 129 mice. Toxicologic Pathology 2007;35:817–824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snibson GR. Collagen cross-linking: a new treatment paradigm in corneal disease− a review. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2010;38:141–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaber L, Halpern GJ. Consanguinity among the Arab and Jewish populations in Israel. Ped Endocrinol Rev 2006;3(Suppl.):437–446.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zadnik K, Barr JT, Edrington TB, Everett DF, et al. Baseline findings in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998;39:2537–2546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafri B, Lichter H, Stulting RD. Asymmetric keratoconus attributed to eye rubbing. Cornea 2004;23:560–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMonnies CW, Boneham GC. Kearatoconus, allergy, itch, eye-rubbing and hand-dominance. Clin Exp Optom 2003;86:376–384.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMonnies CW. Abnormal rubbing and keratectasia. Eye Contact Lens 2007;33:265–271.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar