269
Views
66
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Microbial Keratitis in East Africa: Why are the Outcomes so Poor?

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 158-163 | Received 29 Dec 2010, Accepted 30 May 2011, Published online: 22 Jul 2011

REFERENCES

  • Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya’ale D, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 2004;82(11):844–851.
  • Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M. Corneal ulceration in the developing world− a silent epidemic. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81(8):622–623.
  • Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: a global perspective. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79(3):214–221.
  • Gonzales CA, Srinivasan M, Whitcher JP, Smolin G. Incidence of corneal ulceration in Madurai district, South India. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 1996;3(3):159–166.
  • Upadhyay MP, Karmacharya PC, Koirala S, et al. The Bhaktapur eye study: ocular trauma and antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of corneal ulceration in Nepal. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85(4):388–392.
  • Erie JC, Nevitt MP, Hodge DO, Ballard DJ. Incidence of ulcerative keratitis in a defined population from 1950 through 1988. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111(12):1665–1671.
  • Seal DV, Kirkness CM, Bennett HG, Peterson M. Population-based cohort study of microbial keratitis in Scotland: incidence and features. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 1999;22(2):49–57.
  • Srinivasan M, Gonzales CA, George C, et al. Epidemiology and aetiological diagnosis of corneal ulceration in Madurai, south India. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81(11):965–971.
  • Upadhyay MP, Karmacharya PC, Koirala S, et al. Epidemiologic characteristics, predisposing factors, and etiologic diagnosis of corneal ulceration in Nepal. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111(1):92–99.
  • Carmichael TR, Wolpert M, Koornhof HJ. Corneal ulceration at an urban African hospital. Br J Ophthalmol 1985;69(12):920–926.
  • Leck AK, Thomas PA, Hagan M, et al. Aetiology of suppurative corneal ulcers in Ghana and south India, and epidemiology of fungal keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86(11):1211–1215.
  • Mselle J. Fungal keratitis as an indicator of HIV infection in Africa. Trop Doct 1999;29(3):133–135.
  • Galarreta DJ, Tuft SJ, Ramsay A, Dart JK. Fungal keratitis in London: microbiological and clinical evaluation. Cornea 2007;26(9):1082–1086.
  • Rapoza PA, West SK, Katala SJ, Taylor HR. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in central Tanzania. Int Ophthalmol 1991;15(2):123–129.
  • Faal H, Minassian DC, Dolin PJ, Mohamed AA, Ajewole J, Johnson GJ. Evaluation of a national eye care programme: re-survey after 10 years. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84(9):948–951.
  • Hagan M, Wright E, Newman M, Dolin P, Johnson G. Causes of suppurative keratitis in Ghana. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79(11):1024–1028.
  • Ormerod LD. Causation and management of microbial keratitis in subtropical Africa. Ophthalmology 1987;94(12):1662–1668.
  • Poole TR, Hunter DL, Maliwa EM, Ramsay AR. Aetiology of microbial keratitis in northern Tanzania. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86(8):941–942.
  • Poole TR. Causes of blindness in Northern Tanzania: a hospital and rural health centre based study. Int Ophthalmol 2001;24(4):195–198.
  • Al-Attas AH, Williams CD, Pitchforth EL, O’Callaghan CO, Lewallen S. Understanding delay in accessing specialist emergency eye care in a developing country: eye trauma in Tanzania. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2010;17(2):103–112.
  • Thomas PA, Leck AK, Myatt M. Characteristic clinical features as an aid to the diagnosis of suppurative keratitis caused by filamentous fungi. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89(12):1554–1558.
  • Day S, Lalitha P, Haug S, et al. Activity of antibiotics against Fusarium and Aspergillus. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93(1):116–119.
  • Somi GR, Matee MI, Swai RO, et al. Estimating and projecting HIV prevalence and AIDS deaths in Tanzania using antenatal surveillance data. BMC Public Health 2006;6:120.
  • Jeng BH, Gritz DC, Kumar AB, et al. Epidemiology of ulcerative keratitis in Northern California. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128(8):1022–1028.
  • Prajna NV, Mascarenhas J, Krishnan T, et al. Comparison of natamycin and voriconazole for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128(6):672–678.
  • Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP, Priyadarsini B, Mahalakshmi R, Whitcher JP. Corneal ulceration in south-east Asia III: prevention of fungal keratitis at the village level in south India using topical antibiotics. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90(12):1472–1475.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.