144
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Serum Retinol and Xerophthalmia Among a Prison Population in Papua New Guinea

, , , &
Pages 288-294 | Received 03 Apr 2011, Accepted 09 Jul 2011, Published online: 04 Nov 2011

REFERENCES

  • World Health Organization. Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. Micronutrient Deficiency Information System Working Paper No. 2 (WHO/NUT/95.3). Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995.
  • World Health Organization. Indicators for assessing vitamin A deficiency and their application in monitoring and evaluating intervention programs (WHO/NUT/96.10). Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996.
  • Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: a global perspective. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79:214–21.
  • World Health Organization. Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995–2005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
  • Sommer A. Vitamin A deficiency and its consequences: a field guide to detection and control. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995.
  • Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Hussaini G, Susanto D. Increased mortality in children with mild vitamin A deficiency. Lancet 1983;2(8350):585–588.
  • Beaton G, Martorell R, Aronson K, et al. Effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in the control of young child morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper No 13. Toronto: University of Toronto/United Nations Organization, 1993.
  • Sommer A. Vitamin A, infectious disease, and childhood mortality: a 2 cent solution? J Infect Dis 1993;167:1003–1007.
  • West KP, Jr. Extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children and women of reproductive age. J Nutr 2002;132(9 Suppl.):2857S–2866S.
  • Bloem M, Matzger H, Huq N. Vitamin A deficiency among women in the reproductive years: an ignored problem. Report of the XVI International Vitamin A Consultative Group Meeting. Washington, DC: International Vitamin A Consultative Group, 1994.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization. Food and Agriculture Organization nutrition country profiles: Papua New Guinea. Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations Organization, 2003. Accessed April 1, 2011 from: http://www.cepis.org.pe/texcom/nutricion/pngmap.pdf
  • World Health Organization. World Health Database on Vitamin A Deficiency: Papua New Guinea (Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System). Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessed April 1, 2011 from: http://who.int/vmnis/vitamina/data/database/countries/png_vita.pdf
  • Saweri W. Papua New Guinea: nutrition overview. Manila: World Health Organization. Accessed April 1, 2011 from: http://www.wpro.who.int/internet/resources.ashx/NUT/png.pdf
  • World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in the Western Pacific Region (Table). Manila: World Health Organization. Accessed April 1, 2011 from: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/C1BD0CF7-BA9B-4FF3-B61B-62D20DB7763F/0/TableVAD.pdf
  • Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Joint Expert Consultation. Requirements of vitamin A, iron, folate and vitamin B12. Report of a joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, 1988.
  • Mathenge W, Kuper H, Myatt M, Foster A, Gilbert C. Vitamin A deficiency in a Kenyan prison. Trop Med Int Health 2007;12:269–273.
  • Thurnham DI, Smith E, Flora PS. Concurrent liquid-chromatographic assay of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin in plasma, with tocopherol acetate as internal standard. Clin Chem 1988;34:377–381.
  • de Pee S, Dary O. Biochemical indicators of vitamin A deficiency: serum retinol and serum retinol binding protein. J Nutr 2002;132(9 Suppl.):2895S–2901S.
  • Ross A. Vitamin A and carotenoids. In: Shils M, Shike M, Ross A, Caballero B, Cousins R, editors. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 10th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005;369.
  • Filteau SM, Morris SS, Abbott RA, et al. Influence of morbidity on serum retinol of children in a community-based study in northern Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:192–197.
  • Christian P, Schulze K, Stoltzfus RJ, West KP, Jr. Hyporetinolemia, illness symptoms, and acute phase protein response in pregnant women with and without night blindness. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1237–1243.
  • Thurnham DI, McCabe GP, Northrop-Clewes CA, Nestel P. Effects of subclinical infection on plasma retinol concentrations and assessment of prevalence of vitamin A deficiency: meta-analysis. Lancet 2003;362(9401):2052–2058.
  • Hussain A, Kvale G, Odland M. Diagnosis of night blindness and serum vitamin A level: a population-based study. Bull World Health Organ 1995;73:469–476.
  • Taren DL, Duncan B, Shrestha K, et al. The night vision threshold test is a better predictor of low serum vitamin A concentration than self-reported night blindness in pregnant urban Nepalese women. J Nutr 2004;134:2573–2578.
  • Wedner SH, Ross DA, Congdon N, Balira R, Spitzer V, Foster A. Validation of night blindness reports among children and women in a vitamin A deficient population in rural Tanzania. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:409–419.
  • Sommer A, Hussaini G, Muhilal, Tarwotjo I, Susanto D, Saroso JS. History of nightblindness: a simple tool for xerophthalmia screening. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:887–891.
  • Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. 2nd edn. Geneva: World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization, 2004.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.