Female Reproductive Factors and Major Eye Diseases in Asian Women –The Singapore Malay Eye Study

References

• Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya’ale D, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 2004;82:844–851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnikoff S, Keys TU. Future trends in global blindness. Indian J Ophthalmol 2012;60:387–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong KL, Jovic M, Vo-Phuoc JL, et al. The global cost of eliminating avoidable blindness. Indian J Ophthalmol 2012;60:475–480
   Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Loon SC, Saw SM. The epidemiology of age related eye diseases in Asia. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:506–511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Population Data Sheet 2012. Accessed November 25, 2012 from http://www.prb.org/pdf12/2012-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Smith W, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Gender, oestrogen, hormone replacement and age-related macular degeneration: results from the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1997;25(Suppl. 1):S13–S15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tomany SC, Wang JJ, Van Leeuwen R, et al. Risk factors for incident age-related macular degeneration: pooled findings from 3 continents. Ophthalmology 2004;111:1280–1287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nirmalan PK, Katz J, Robin AL, et al. Female reproductive factors and eye disease in a rural South Indian population: the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:4273–4276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foong AW, Saw SM, Loo JL, et al. Rationale and methodology for a population-based study of eye diseases in Malay people: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES). Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2007;14:25–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Chong EW, Wong WL, et al. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in an urban Malay Population: the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES). Ophthalmol 2008;126:1091–1099
   Google Scholar
• Foster PJ, Buhrmann R, Quigley HA, Johnson GJ. The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:238–242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen SY, Wong TY, Foster PJ, et al. The prevalence and types of glaucoma in Malay people: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:3846–3851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein R, Davis MD, Magli YL, et al. The Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading system. Ophthalmology 1991;98:1128–1134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Cheung N, Tay WT, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1869–1875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Wang JJ. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1450–1460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasaki R, Wang JJ, Aung T, et al. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in a Malay population: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1735–1741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Klein R, Islam FM, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;1441:446–455
   Google Scholar
• Chylack LT Jr, Wolfe JK, Singer DM, et al. The Lens Opacities Classification System III. The Longitudinal Study of Cataract Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:831–836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan AC, Wang JJ, Lamoureux EL, et al. Cataract prevalence varies substantially with assessment systems: comparison of clinical and photographic grading in a population-based study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2011;18:164–170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Attebo K, Panchapakesan J. Prevalence of cataract in Australia: the Blue Mountains eye study. Ophthalmology 1997;104:581–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulsman CA, Westerndorp IC, Ramrattan RS, et al. Is open-angle glaucoma associated with early menopause? The Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:138–144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vajaranant TS, Pasquale LR. Estrogen deficiency accelerates aging of the optic nerve. Menopause 2012;19:942–947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tint NL, Alexander P, Tint KM, et al. Hormone therapy and intraocular pressure in nonglaucomatous eyes. Menopause 2010;17:157–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Key Annual Indicators, Singapore 2011. Accessed December 3, 2012 from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html
   Google Scholar
• Pasquale LR, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, et al. Attributes of female reproductive aging and their relation to primary open-angle glaucoma: a prospective study. J Glaucoma 2007;16:598–605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vajaranant TS, Nayak S, Wilensky JT, Joslin CE. Gender and glaucoma: what we know and what we need to know. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2010;21:91–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei X, Cai SP, Zhang X, et al. Is low dose of estrogen beneficial for prevention of glaucoma? Med Hypotheses 2012;79:377–380
   Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Li F, Sarkisian SR Jr, et al. Retinal ganglion cell protection by 17-beta-estradiol in a mouse model of inherited glaucoma. Dev Neurobiol 2007;67:603–616
   Google Scholar
• Baudry M, Bi X, Aguirre C. Progesterone-estrogen interactions in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Neuroscience 2012. pii:S0306-4522(12)01075-5
   Google Scholar
• Liu R, Yang SH. Window of opportunity: Estrogen as a treatment for ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2013;1514:83–90
   Google Scholar
• Singh M, Su C. Progesterone-induced neuroprotection: factors that may predict therapeutic efficacy. Brain Res 2013;1514:98–106
   Google Scholar
• London A, Benhar I, Schwartz M. The retina as a window to the brain – from eye research to CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2013;9:44–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi K, Kobayashi H, Ueda M, et al. Estrogen receptor expression in bovine and rat retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998;39:2105–2110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogueta SB, Schwartz SD, Yamashita CK, et al. Estrogen receptor in the human eye: influence of gender and age on gene expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:1906–1911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang JH, Wiggs JL, Rosner BA, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants and primary open-angle glaucoma: interactions with sex and postmenopausal hormone use. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:971–979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesk MR, Waiszilber M, Deschenes MC. The effects of systemic medications on ocular blood flow. Can J Ophthalmol 2008;43:351–355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarthy U, Stitt AW, McNally J, et al. Nitric oxide synthase activity and expression in retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes. Curr Eye Res 1995;14:285–294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris-Yitzhak M, Harris A, Ben Refael Z, et al. Estrogen-replacement therapy: effects on retrobulbar hemodynamics. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:623–628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin SJ, Walman BE, Buckley AR, et al. Color Doppler imaging and spectral analysis of the optic nerve vasculature in glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;119:685–693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brendel A, Felzen V, Morawe T, et al. Differential regulation of apoptosis-associated genes by estrogen receptor alpha in human neuroblastoma cells. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2013;31:199–211
   Google Scholar
• Quigley HA. Ganglion cell death in glaucoma: pathology recapitulates ontogeny. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1995;23:85–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quigley HA. Neuronal death in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 1999;18:39–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigneswara V, Berry M, Logan A, Ahmed Z. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-2 protects axotomised retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in adult rats. PLoS One 2012;7(12):e53473
   Google Scholar
• Quigley HA, Nickells RW, Kerrigan LA, et al. Retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma and after axotomy occurs by apoptosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36:774–786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee AJ, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Healey PR. Female reproductive factors and open angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:1324–1328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar