Visual Impairment in White, Chinese, Black, and Hispanic Participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort

REFERENCES

• World Health Organization (WHO) 2014 Visual impairment and blindness fact sheet. Accessed 14 August 2014 from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/
   Google Scholar
• The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group. Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:477–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin MY, Gutierrez PR, Stone KL, et al. Vision impairment and combined vision and hearing impairment predict cognitive and functional decline in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:1996–2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, McKeever Bullard K, Cotch MF, et al. Association between depression and functional vision loss in persons 20 years of age or older in the United States, NHANES 2005–2008. JAMA Ophthalmol 2013;131:573–581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuben DB, Mui S, Damesyn M, et al. The prognostic value of sensory impairment in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999;47:930–935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crews JE, Jones GC, Kim JH. Double jeopardy: the effects of comorbid conditions among older people with vision loss. J Vis Impair Blind 2006;100:824–848
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DJ, Gomez-Marin O, Lam BL, et al. Visual acuity impairment and mortality in US adults. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:1544–1550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivers RQ, Norton R, Cumming RG, et al. Visual impairment and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:633–639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones GC, Rovner BW, Crews JE, et al. Effects of depressive symptoms on health behavior practices among older adults with vision loss. Rehabil Psychol 2009;54:164–172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz A. Depression and vision and hearing impairments in later life. Generations 2003;27:32–38
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Lamoureux E, Zheng Y, et al. Health burden associated with visual impairment in Singapore: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology 2014;121:1837–1842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordois A, Cutler H, Pezzullo L, et al. An estimation of the worldwide economic and health burden of visual impairment. Glob Public Health 2012;7:465–481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL, et al. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:871–881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitale S, Cotch MF, Sperduto RD. Prevalence of visual impairment in the United States. JAMA 2006;295:2158–2163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz B, West SK, Rubin GS, et al. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in a population of older Americans. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:819–825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attebo K, Mitchell P, Smith W. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1996;103:357–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klaver CCW, Wolfs RCW, Vingerling JR, et al. Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:653–658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein R, Lee KE, Gangnon RE, et al. Incidence of visual impairment over a 20-year period. Ophthalmology 2013;120:1210–1219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foran S, Rose K, Wang JJ, et al. Correctable visual impairment in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2002;134:712–719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans BJ, Rowlands G. Correctable visual impairment in older people: a major unmet need. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2004;24:161–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko F, Vitale S, Chou CF, et al. Prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment in US adults and associated risk factors, 1999–2002 and 2005–2008. JAMA 2012;308:2361–2368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiagalingam S, Cumming RG, Mitchell P. Factors associated with undercorrected refractive errors in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1041–1045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam BL, Lee DJ, Gomez-Marin O. Prevalence of usual-corrected binocular distance visual acuity impairment in Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults. Ophthalmic Epidemiology 2000;7:73–83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varma R, Ying-Lai M, Klein R, et al., on behalf of the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Prevalence and risk indicators of visual impairment and blindness in Latinos. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2004;111:1132–1140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma R, Wang MY, Ying-Lai M, et al., on behalf of the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. The prevalence and risk indicators of uncorrected refractive error and unmet refractive need in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:5264–5273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuang TM, Tsai SY, Hsu WM, et al. Correctable visual impairment in an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan: the Shihpai Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:1032–1037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosman M, Wong TY, Tay WT, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of undercorrected refractive errors among Singaporean Malay adults: the Singaporean Malay Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:3621–3628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang S, Zheng Y, Foster PJ, et al., for the Liwan Eye Study. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Chinese adults in urban southern China. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:1362–1367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song W, Sun X, Shao Z, et al. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in a rural North-East China adult population: a population-based survey in Bin County, Harbin. Acta Ophthalmol 2010;88:669–674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan CW, Klein BE, Cotch MF, et al. Racial variations in the prevalence of refractive errors in the United States: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155:1129–1138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loprinzi PD, Zebardast N, Ramulu PY. Cardiorespiratory fitness and vision loss among young and middle-age U.S. adults. Am J Health Promot 2015;29:226--229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein R, Klein BE, Knudtson MD, et al. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in 4 racial/ethnic groups in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Ophthalmology 2006;113:373–380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Klein R, Islam A, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:446–455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar