References
- Fogle RH, Stanczyk FZ, Zhang X, Paulson RJ. Ovarian androgen production in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3040–3
- Gershagen S, Doeberl A, Jeppsson S, Rannevik G. Decreasing serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin around the menopause and temporary relation to changing levels of ovarian steroids, as demonstrated in a longitudinal study. Fertil Steril 1989;51:616–21
- Alpañés M, González-Casbas JM, Sánchez J, et al. Management of Postmenopausal Virilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:2584–8
- The practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. The evaluation and treatment of androgen excess. Fertil Steril 2006;86:S241–7
- Desksen J, Nagesser SK, Meinders AE, et al. Identification of virilizing adrenal tumors in hirsute women. N Engl J Med 1994;331:968–73
- Rothman M, Wierman M. How should postmenopausal androgen excess be evaluated. Clin Endocrinol 2011;75:160–4
- Martin KA, Chang RJ, Ehrmann DA, et al. Evaluation and treatment of hirsutism in premenopausal women: an endocrinte society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1105–20
- Markopoulos M, Rizos D, Valsamakis G, et al. Hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome persists after menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:623–31
- Speiser PW. Congenital adrenal hiperplasia owing to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Endocrinol Metab Clin Noth Am 2001;30:31–59
- Rosenfield RL. Clinical practice Hirsutism. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2578–88
- Waggoner W, Boots LR, Azziz R. Total testosterone and DHEAS levels as predictors of androgen –secreting neoplasms:a populational study. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999;13:394–400
- Monteagudo A, Heller D, Husami N, et al. Ovarian steroid cell tumors: sonographic characteristics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;10:282–8
- Castelo-Branco C, Gómez O, Pons F, et al. Secreting ovarian tumors may protect women from osteoporosis. Gynecol Oncol 2003;88:149–52
- Nieman LK. Approach to the patient with an adrenal incidentaloma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:4106–13
- Cordera F, Grant C, van Heerden J, et al. Androgen-secreting adrenal tumors. Surgery 2003;134:874–80
- Danilowicz K, Albiger N, Vanegas M, et al. Androgen-secreting adrenal adenomas. Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:1099–2
- Kaltsas GA, Isidori AM, Kola BP, et al. The value of the low-dosedexamethasone suppression test in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2634–43
- Kaltsas GA, Mukherjee JJ, Kola B, et al. Is ovarian and adrenal venous catheterization and sampling helpful in the investigation of hyperandrogenic women? Clin Endocrinol Oxf 2003;59:34–43
- Marcondes JA, Curi DD, Matsuzaki CN, et al. Ovarian hyperthecosis in the context of an adrenal incidentaloma in a postmenopausal woman. Arg Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2008;52:1184–8
- Cheng V, Doshi KB, Falcone T, Faiman C. Hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Endocr Pract 2011;17:e21–5
- Gorgojo JJ, Almodóvar F, López E, et al. Coincidental diagnosis of an occult hilar steroid cell tumor of the ovary and a cortisol-secreting adrenal adenoma in a 49-year-old woman with severe hyperandrogenism. Fertil Steril 2003;80:1504–7
- Regnier C, Bennet A, Malet D, et al. Intraoperative testosterone assay for virilizing ovarian tumor topographic assessment: report of a Leydig cell tumor of the ovary in a premenopausal woman with an adrenal incidentaloma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:3074–7