References
- Grady D, Rubin S M, Petitti D B, Fox C S, Black D, Ettinger B, Ernster V L, Cummings S R. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1016–37
- Vane J R, Anggård E E, Botting R M. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 27–36
- Steinleitner A, Stmczyk F Z, Levin J H, Dàblaing G, III, Vijod M A, Shahbazian V L, Lobo R A. Decreased in vitro production of 6-keto-prostaglandin F la by uterine arteries from postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1677–81
- Mikkola T, Turunen P, Avela K, Oraana A, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. 17β-estradiol stimulates prostacyclin, but not endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 1832–36
- Muck A O, Seeger H, Korte K, Dartsch P C, Lippert T H. Natural and synrhetic estrogens and prostacyclin production in human endothelial cells from umbilical cord and leg veins. Prostaglandins 1993; 45: 517–25
- Corvazier E, Dupuy E, Dosne A M, Maclouf J. Minimal effect of estrogens on endothelial cell growth and production of prostacyclin. Thrombosis Res 1984; 34: 303–10
- Mikkola T, Ranta V, Orpana A, Ylikorkala O, Viinikka L. Effect of physiological concentrations of estradiol on PG12 and NO in endothelial cells. Maturitas, in press
- Ylikorkala O, Orpana A, Puolakka J, Pyörälä T, Viinikka L. Postmenopausal hormonal replacement decreases plasma levels of endothelin-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 3384–87
- Mikkola T, Ristimaki A, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Human serum, plasma, and platelets stimulate prostacyclin and endothelin-1 synthesis in human vascular endothelial cells. Life Sci 1993; 53: 283–89
- Mikkola T, Ranta V, Orpana A, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Hormone replacement therapy modifies the capacity of plasma and serum to regulate prostacyclin and endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells. Fertil Steril, in press
- Whitehead M. Progestins and androgens. Fertil Steril 1994; 62(suppl. 2)161S–167S
- Ylikorkala O, Hirvonen E, Saure A, Viinikka L. Urinary excretion of prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites in climacteric women: Effect of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy. Prostaglandins 1990; 39: 33–37
- Foidart J M, Dombrowitz N, de Lieniere B. Urinary excretion of prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites in postmenopausal women treated with percutaneous estradiol (Oestrogel®) or conjugated estrogens (Premarin®). Physiological Hormone Replacement Therapy, N Dusitsin, M Notelovitz. The Parthenon Publishing Company, CarnforthUK 1990
- Viinikka L U, Orpana A K, Puolakka J O, Pyorala E T, Ylikorkala R O. Different effects of oral and transdermal postmenopausal hormonal replacement on the urinary excretion of the metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, (submitted)
- Hishikawa K, Nakaki T, Marumo T, Suzuki H, Kato R, Saruta T. Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase by estradiol in human aortic endothelial cells. Febs Lett 1995; 360: 291–3
- Hayashi T, Yamada K, Esaki T, Kuzuya M, Satake S, Ishikawa T, Hidaka H, Iguchi A. Estrogen increases endothelial nitric oxide by a receptor mediated system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 214: 847–55
- Schray-Utz B, Zeiher A M, Busse R. Expression of onstitutive NO synthease in cultured endothelial cells is enhanced by 17β-estradiol. Circulation 1993; 88: 71–80
- Sayegh H S, Ohara Y, Navas J P, Peterson T E, Dockery S, Harrison D G. Endothelial nitric oxide synthease regulation by estrogens. Circulation 1993; 88: 34–41
- Gilligan D M, Badar D M, Panza I M, Quyyumi A A, Cannon R O, III. Acute vascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1994; 90: 786–91
- Gilligan D M, Badar D M, Panza J A, Quyyumi A A, Cannon R O, III. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on peripheral vasomotor function in postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 264–8