156
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Neuropeptide Y, leptin, galanin and insulin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

, , , , &
Pages 344-351 | Published online: 05 Aug 2009

References

  • Adam J, Poison D W, Franks S. Relevance of polycystic ovaries in women with anovulation and hirsutism. Br Med J 1986; 393: 355–9
  • Nestler J E. Role of obesity and insulin in the development of anovulation. Ovulation Induction: Basic Science and Clinical Advances, M Filicori, C Flamigni. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1994; 103–14
  • Rittmaster R S, Deshwal N, Lehman L. The role of adrenal hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 1295–9
  • Tropeano G, Lucisano A, Liberale I, et al. Insulin, C-peptide, androgens, and β-endorphin response to oral glucose in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 302–9
  • Ericson G F. Nongonadotropic regulation of ovarian function: growth hormone and IGFs. Ovulation Induction: Basic Science and Clinical Advances, M Filicori, C Flamigni. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1994; 73–84
  • Willis D, Mason H, Gilling-Smith C, Franks S. Modulation by insulin of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone actions in human granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 302–9
  • Ehrmann D A, Barnes R B, Rosenfield R L. Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion. Endocr Rev 1995; 16: 322–53
  • Mason H D, Margarc R, Winston RML, et al. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) inhibits production of IGF-binding protein-1 while stimulating estradiol secretion in granulosa cells from normal and polycystic human ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metal 1993; 76: 1275–9
  • Green B B, Weiss N S, Daling J R. Risk of ovulatory infertility in relation to body weight. Fertil Steril 1988; 50: 721–6
  • Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425–32
  • Halaas J L, Gajiwgale K S, Maffei M, et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995; 269: 543–6
  • Masuraki H, Ogawa Y, Isse N, et al. Human obese gene expression. Adipocyte-specific expression and regional differences in the adipose tissue. Diabetes 1995; 44: 855–8
  • Pelleymounter M A, Cullen M J, Baker M B, et al. Effects of the obese gene product on body weights regulation on ob/ob mice. Science 1995; 269: 540–3
  • Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Jeanrenaud B. The discovery of leptin and its impact on the understanding of obesity. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 135: 649–50
  • Sainsbury A, Cusin J, Doyle P, et al. Intra-cerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y to normal rats increases obese gene expression in white adipose tissue. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 353–6
  • Schwartz M W, Baskin D Y, Bukowski T R, et al. Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes 1996; 45: 513–35
  • Stanley B G, Kyrkouli S E, Lampart S, Leibowitz S F. Neuropeptide Y chronically injected into the hypothalamus: a powerful neurochemical inducer of hyperphagia and obesity. Peptides 1986; 7: 1189–92
  • Zaryevski N, Cusin I, Vettor R, et al. Chronic intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y administration to normal rats mimics hormonal and metabolic changes of obesity. Endocrinology 1993; 133: 1753–8
  • Zaryevski N, Cusin I, Vettor R, et al. Intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y to normal rats has divergent effects on glucose utilization by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Diabetes 1994; 43: 764–9
  • Leibowitz S T. Possible contribution of brain peptides to the development of eating disorders and obesity. Int J Obesity Relat Metab Disord 1994; 18(Suppl 2)85
  • Rosmanith W G, Marks D L, Clifton D K, Steiner R A. Induction of galanin gene expression in gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons with puberty in the rat. Endocrinology 1994; 135: 140–8
  • Baranowska B, Wasilewska-dziubińska E, Radzikowska M, et al. NPY, galanin and leptin release in women with obesity and in women with anorexia nervosa. Metab Clin Exp 1997; 46: 1384–9
  • Ferriman D, Gallwey J. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1961; 21: 1440–6
  • Baranowska B, Rozbicka G, Jeske W, Abel-Fattah H. The role of endogenous opiates in the mechanism of inhibited luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in women with anorexia nervosa. The effect of naloxone on LH, FSH, prolactin and β-endorphin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59: 412–16
  • Bronson F H, Manning J M. The energetic regulation of ovulation: a realistic role for body fat. Biol Reprod 1991; 44: 945–50
  • Cameron J L, Wlezin T, McConaha C, et al. Suppression of reproductive axis activity in men undergoing a 48 hour fast. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 35–41
  • Caro J F, Sinha M K, Kolaczyński J W, et al. Leptin: the tale of an obesity gene. Diabetes 1996; 45: 1455–62
  • Reid R L, Van Vugt D A. Weight-related changes in reproductive function. Fertil Steril 1987; 48: 905–13
  • Besecke L M, Wolfe A M, Pierce M E, et al. Neuropeptide Y stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release from superfused hypothalamic GTI-7 cells. Endocrinology 1994; 135: 1621–7
  • Bauer-Dantoin A C, McDonald J K, Levine J E. Neuropeptide Y potentiates luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone-induced LH secretion only under conditions leading to preovulatory LH surges. Endocrinology 1992; 31: 2946–52
  • Bauer-Dantoin A C, Urban J H, Levine J E. Neuropeptide Y gene expression in the arcuate nucleus is increased during preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 2953–8
  • Bennet W M, Wang Z L, Jong P, et al. Presence of neuropeptide Y and its messenger ribonucleic acid in human islets: evidence for a possible paracrine role. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 2117–20
  • Rouru J, Anttila L, Koskinen P, et al. Serum leptin concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1697–1700
  • Hemmer A, Hyde J F. Regulation of galanin secretion from pituitary cells in vitro by estradiol and GHRH. Peptides 1992; 13: 1201–6
  • Lopez F J, Meade EH, Jr, Negro-Vilar A. Endogenous galanin modulates the gonadotropin and prolactin proestrous surges in the rat. Endocrinology 1993; 132: 795–800
  • Brzechffa P R, Jakimiuk A J, Agarwal S K, et al. Serum immunoreactive leptin concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4166–9
  • Laughlin G A, Morales A J, Yen SSC. Serum leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1692–6
  • Mantzores C S, Dunaif A, Flier J S. Leptin concentrations in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1687–91
  • Caro J F. Editorial: Leptin is normal in PCOS. [An editorial about three ‘negative’ papers.]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1685–6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.