52,363
Views
470
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorials

The global childhood obesity epidemic and the association between socio-economic status and childhood obesity

&
Pages 176-188 | Received 07 Mar 2012, Accepted 19 Mar 2012, Published online: 24 Jun 2012

References

  • Ahrens, W., Moreno, L.A. & Pigeot, I. (2011). Childhood obesity: Prevalence worldwide. In L.A. Moreno (Ed.), Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents (pp. 219–235). New York: Springer.
  • Ball, K. & Crawford, D. (2005). Socioeconomic status and weight change in adults: A review. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 1987–2010. doi:S0277 - 9536(04)00467-8
  • Beydoun, M.A. & Wang, Y. (2009). Gender-ethnic disparity in BMI and waist circumference distribution shifts in US adults. Obesity, 17, 169–176. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.492
  • Beydoun, M.A. & Wang, Y. (2010). Socio-demographic disparities in distribution shifts over time in various adiposity measures among American children and adolescents: What changes in prevalence rates could not reveal. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6, 21–35. doi:10.3109/17477166.2010.488693
  • Chen, T.J., Modin, B., Ji, C.Y. & Hjern, A. (2011). Regional, socioeconomic and urban-rural disparities in child and adolescent obesity in China: A multilevel analysis. Acta Paediatrica, 100, 1583–1589. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02397.x
  • Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M. & Dietz, W.H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. British Medical Journal, 320, 1240–1243.
  • de Onis, M., Blossner, M. & Borghi, E. (2010). Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 92, 1257–1264. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29786
  • de Onis, M., Onyango, A.W., Borghi, E., Siyam, A., Nishida, C. & Siekmann, J. (2007). Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85, 660–667. doi:S0042 - 96862007000900010
  • Dietz, W.H. (1998). Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics, 101, 518–525.
  • Due, P., Damsgaard, M.T., Rasmussen, M., Holstein, B.E., Wardle, J., Merlo, J., … Valimaa, R. (2009). Socioeconomic position, macroeconomic environment and overweight among adolescents in 35 countries. International Journal of Obesity, 33, 1084–1093. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.128
  • Guillaume, M. (1999). Defining obesity in childhood: Current practice. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 126S–130S.
  • IASO (2011). Global childhood overweight. International Association for the Study of Obesity. http://www.iaso.org/site_media/uploads/Global_Childhood_Overweight_September_2011.pdf
  • IOTF (2007). Worldwide prevalence of obesity. International Obesity Task Force. http://www.iotf.org
  • Jackson-Leach, R. & Lobstein, T. (2006). Estimated burden of paediatric obesity and co-morbidities in Europe. Part 1. The increase in the prevalence of child obesity in Europe is itself increasing. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 1, 26–32.
  • Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Boyce, W.F., Vereecken, C., Mulvihill, C., Roberts, C., … Pickett, W. (2005). Comparison of overweight and obesity prevalence in school-aged youth from 34 countries and their relationships with physical activity and dietary patterns. Obesity Reviews, 6, 123–132. doi:10.1111/ j.1467 - 789X.2005.00176.x
  • Ji, C.Y., Working Group on Obesity in China. (2005). Report on childhood obesity in China (1)–body mass index reference for screening overweight and obesity in Chinese school-age children. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 18, 390–400.
  • Ji, C.Y. & Cheng, T.O. (2009). Epidemic increase in overweight and obesity in Chinese children from 1985 to 2005. International Journal of Cardiology, 132, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.07.003
  • Jones-Smith, J.C., Gordon-Larsen, P., Siddiqi, A. & Popkin, B.M. (2011). Cross-national comparisons of time trends in overweight inequality by socioeconomic status among women using repeated cross-sectional surveys from 37 developing countries, 1989–2007. American Journal of Epidemiology, 173, 667–675. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq428
  • Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Flegal, K.M., Guo, S.S., Wei, R., … Johnson, C.L. (2000). CDC growth charts: United States. Advance Data, 1–27.
  • McLaren, L. (2007). Socioeconomic status and obesity. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 29–48. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm001
  • Moon, J. S., Lee, S. Y., Nam, C. M., Choi, J. M., Choe, B. K., Seo, J. W., … Lee, C. G. (2008). 2007 Korean national growth charts: review of developmental process and an outlook. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 51, 1–25.
  • Monteiro, C.A., Conde, W.L. & Popkin, B.M. (2007). Income-specific trends in obesity in Brazil: 1975–2003. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1808–1812. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.099630
  • Monteiro, C.A., Moura, E.C., Conde, W.L. & Popkin, B.M. (2004). Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: A review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82, 940–946. doi:S0042 - 96862004001200011
  • Murasko, J.E. (2011). Trends in the associations between family income, height and body mass index in US children and adolescents: 1971–1980 and 1999–2008. Annals of Human Biology, 38, 290–306. doi:10.3109/03014460.2010.537698
  • Must, A., Dallal, G.E. & Dietz, W.H. (1991). Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 839–846.
  • Must, A. & Strauss, R.S. (1999). Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 23, S2–11.
  • Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., Lamb, M.M. & Flegal, K.M. (2010). Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007–2008. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 242–249. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2012
  • Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Kit, B.K. & Flegal, K.M. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999–2010. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307, 483–490. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.40
  • Puhl, R.M. & Heuer, C.A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: A review and update. Obesity, 17, 941–964. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.636
  • Shan, X.Y., Xi, B., Cheng, H., Hou, D.Q., Wang, Y. & Mi, J. (2010). Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 2–18 in Beijing, China. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5, 383–389. doi:10.3109/ 17477160903572001
  • Shrewsbury, V. & Wardle, J. (2008). Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: A systematic review of cross-sectional studies 1990–2005. Obesity, 16, 275–284. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.35
  • Sobal, J. & Stunkard, A.J. (1989). Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 260–275.
  • Song, Y., Park, M. J., Paik, H. Y., Joung, H. (2010). Secular trends in dietary patterns and obesity-related risk factors in Korean adolescents aged 10–19 years. International journal of obesity (Lond), 34, 48–56.
  • Stunkard, A.J. (1996). Socioeconomic status and obesity. Ciba Foundation Symposium, 201, 174–182; discussion 182–177, 188–193.
  • Tremblay, M.S., Katzmarzyk, P.T. & Willms, J.D. (2002). Temporal trends in overweight and obesity in Canada, 1981–1996. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26, 538–543.
  • Wang, Y. (2004). Epidemiology of childhood obesity – Methodological aspects and guidelines: What is new? International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 28, S21–28. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802801
  • Wang, Y. & Beydoun, M.A. (2007). The obesity epidemic in the United States – Gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 6–28. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm007
  • Wang, Y., Beydoun, M.A., Liang, L., Caballero, B. & Kumanyika, S.K. (2008). Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity, 16, 2323–2330. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.351
  • Wang, Y., Chen, H.J., Shaikh, S. & Mathur, P. (2009). Is obesity becoming a public health problem in India? Examine the shift from under- to overnutrition problems over time. Obesity Reviews, 10, 456–474. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00568.x
  • Wang, Y. & Lobstein, T. (2006). Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 1, 11–25.
  • Wang, Y., Mi, J., Shan, X.Y., Wang, Q.J. & Ge, K.Y. (2007). Is China facing an obesity epidemic and the consequences? The trends in obesity and chronic disease in China. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 177–188. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803354
  • Wang, Y., Moreno, L.A., Caballero, B. & Cole, T.J. (2006). Limitations of the current world health organization growth references for children and adolescents. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 27, S175–188.
  • Wang, Y. & Wang, J.Q. (2002). A comparison of international references for the assessment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity in different populations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56, 973–982. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601415
  • Wang, Y. & Zhang, Q. (2006). Are American children and adolescents of low socioeconomic status at increased risk of obesity? Changes in the association between overweight and family income between 1971 and 2002. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84, 707–716. doi:84/4/707
  • WHO (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 854, 1–452.
  • WHO (2000). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 894, i–xii, 1–253.
  • WHO (2006). The WHO Child Growth Standards. http://www.who.int/childgrowth/en/
  • WHO (2009). Obesity and overweight. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
  • WHO (2010). Childhood overweight and obesity. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en
  • Willms, J.D., Tremblay, M.S. & Katzmarzyk, P.T. (2003). Geographic and demographic variation in the prevalence of overweight Canadian children. Obesity Research, 11, 668–673. doi:10.1038/oby.2003.95
  • Zhang, Q. & Wang, Y. (2004). Trends in the association between obesity and socioeconomic status in U.S. adults: 1971 to 2000. Obesity Research, 12, 1622–1632. doi:10.1038/oby.2004.202
  • Zhang, Q. & Wang, Y. (2007). Using concentration index to study changes in socio-economic inequality of overweight among US adolescents between 1971 and 2002. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 916–925. doi:10.1093/ije/dym064

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.