Psychopharmacotherapy of somatic symptoms disorders

References

• Altamura, A.C., DiRosa, A., Ermentini, A., Guaraldi, G.P., Invvernizzi, G., Rudas, N. & Tacchini, G. (2003). Levosulpiride in somatoform disorders: A double blind placebo-controlled cross-over study, International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 7, 155–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APA (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bass, C. & Benjamin, S. (1993). The management of chronic somatisation. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 472–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass, C., Peveler, R. & House, A. (2001). Somatoform disorder: Severe psychiatric illnesses neglected by psychiatrists. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 11–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaturvedi, S.K., Upadhyaya, M.P. & Rao, S. (1988). Somatic symptoms in a community clinic. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 369–374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fallon, B.A. (2004). Pharmacotherapy of somatoform disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56, 455–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallon, B.A., Liebowitz, M.R., Salman, E., Schneier, F.R., Jusino, C., Hollander, E. & Klein, D.F. (1993). Fluoxetine for hypochondriacal patients without major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 438–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallon, B.A., Petkova, E., Skritskaya, N., Sanchez-Lacay, A., Schneier, F., Vermes, D., … Liebowitz, M.R. (2008). A double-masked, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine for hypochondriasis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28, 638–645.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fallon, B.A., Schneier, F.R., Marshall, R., Campeas, R., Vermes, D., Goetz, D. & Liebowitz, M.R. (1996). The pharmacotherapy of hypochondriasis. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 32, 607–611.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fink, P. & Rosendal, M. (2008). Recent developments in the understanding and management of functional somatic symptoms in primary care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 182–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbain, D.A., Cutler, R.B. & Rosomoff, H.L. (1998). Do antidepressants have an analgesic effect in psychogenic pain and somatoform pain disorder? A meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 503–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Campayo, J. & Sanz-Carrillo, C. (2002). Topiramate as a treatment for pain in multisomatoform disorder patients: An open trial. General Hospital Psychiatry, 24, 417–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeven, A., van Balkom, A.J., Visser, S., Merkelbach, J.W., van Rood, Y.R., van Dyck, R., … Spinhoven, P. (2007) C ognitive behavior therapy and paroxetine in the treatment of hypochondriasis: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 91–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, C., Pae, C., Lee, B., Ko, Y., Masand, P.S., Patker, A.A., … Jung, I. (2008). Venlafaxine versus mirtazapine in the treatment of undifferentiated somatoform disorder: A 12 week prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial. Clinical Drug Investigation, 28, 251–261.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hollander, E., Allen, A., Kwon, J., Aronowitz, B., Schmeidler, J., Wong, C. & Simeon, D. (1999). Clomipramine vs desipramine crossover trail in body dysmorphic disorder: Selective efficacy of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor in imagined ugliness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 1033–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isper, J.C., Sander, C. & Stein, D.J. (2009). Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for body dysmorphic disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD05332. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005332.pub2.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery, L.J. & Kroenke, K. (2008). Prevalence, impact and prognosis of multisomatoform disorder in primary care: A 5-year follow-up study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 430–434.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kroenke, K. (2003). Patients presenting with somatic complaints: Epidemiology, psychiatric co-morbidity and management. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12, 34–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K. (2007). Efficacy of treatment for somatoform disorders: A review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 881–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K. & Mangelsdorff, A.D. (1989). Common symptoms in ambulatory care: Incidence, evaluation, therapy and outcome. American Journal of Medicine, 86, 262–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe, B., Mundt, C., Herzog, W., Brunner, R., Backenstrass, M., Kronmuller, K. & Henningsen, P. (2008). Validity of current somatoform disorder diagnoses: Perspectives for classification in DSM-V and ICD-11. Psychopathology, 41, 4–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, Y., Zhang, M.Y., Wu, W.Y., Li, C.B., Lu, Z. & Li, Q.W. (2009). A randomized double-blind clinical trial on analgesic efficacy of fluoxetine for persistent somatoform pain disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 33, 1522–1525.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lynch, M.E. (2001). Antidepressants as analgesics: A review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Psychiatry of Neuroscience, 26, 30–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magarinos, M., Zafar, U., Nissenson, K.K. & Blanco, C. (2002). Epidemiology and treatment of hypochondriasis. CNS Drugs, 16, 9–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menza, M., Lauritano, M., Allen, L., Warman, M., Ostello, F., Hamer, R.M. & Escobar, J. (2001). Treatment of somatisation disorder with nefazodone: A prospective open-label study. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 13, 153–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller, J.E., Wentzel, I., Koen, L., Niehaus, D.J.H., Seedat, S. & Stein, D.J. (2008). Escitalopram in the treatment of multisomatoform disorder: A double-blind placebo-controlled trail. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 23, 43–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller, T., Mannel, M., Murck, H. & Rahlfs, V.W. (2004). Treatment of somatoform disorders with St John's wort: A randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 538–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE (2005). Obsessive compulsive disorder: Core interventions in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. Clinical Guideline 31. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
   Google Scholar
• Noyes, R, Jr, Happel, R.L., Muller, B.A., Holt, C.S., Kathol, R.L., Sieren, L.R. & Amos, J.J. (1998). Fluvoxamine for somatoform disorders: An open trial. General Hospital Psychiatry, 20, 339–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noyes, R, Jr, Holt, C.S. & Kathol, R.G. (1995). Somatization. Diagnosis and management. Archives of Family Medicine, 4, 790–795.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Malley, P.G., Jackson, J.L., Santoro, J., Tomkins, G., Balden, E. & Kroenke, K. (1999). Antidepressant therapy for unexplained medical symptoms and syndromes. Journal of Family Practice, 48, 980–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perugi, G., Giannotti, D., Di Vaio, S., Frare, F., Saettoni, M. & Cassano, G.B. (1996)Fluvoxamine in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (dysmorphophobia). International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 247–254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillips, K.A. (2004). Body dysmorphic disorder: Recognizing and treating imagined ugliness. World Psychiatry, 3, 12–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillips, K.A. & Hollander, E. (2008). Treating body dysmorphic disorder with medication: Evidence, misconceptions, and a suggested approach. Body Image, 5, 13–27. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.12.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, K.A. & Najar, F. (2003). An open label study of citalopram in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 715–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, K.A., Albertini, R.S. & Rasmussen, S.A. (2002). A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in body dysmorphic disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 381–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, K.A., Albertini, R.S., Siniscalchi, J.M., Khan, A.H. & Robinson, M. (2001). Effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A chart -review study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 721–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, K.A., Dwight, M.M. & McElroy, S.L. (1998). Efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 165–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilowsky, L. (1968). The response to treatment in hypochondriacal disorders. Australian and New Zeeland Journal of Psychiatry, 2, 88–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiber, S., Bleich, A. & Pick, C.G. (2002). Venlafaxine and mirtazapine: Different mechanisms of antidepressant action, common opioid-mediated antinociceptive effects – A possible opioid involvement in severe depression. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 18, 143–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, A.B. (1993). Treatment of hypochondriasis of clomipramine. Journal Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 200–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumathipala, A. (2007). What is the evidence for the efficacy of treatment for somatoform disorder? A critical review of previous intervention studies. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 889–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, N. (2003). SNRIs versus SSRIs: Mechanisms of action in treating depressions and painful physical symptoms. Primary Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 5, 19–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Volz, H.P., Moller, H.J., Reimann, I. & Stoll, K.D. (2000). Opipramol for the treatment of somatoform disorders: Results of a placebo-controlled trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 10, 211–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volz, H.P., Murck, H., Kasper, S. & Moller, H.J. (2002). St. John's wort extract (LI160) in somatoform disorders: Results of a placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology, 164, 294–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesner, R.B. & Noyes, R. (1991). Imipramine: An effective treatment for illness phobia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 22, 43–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessely, S., Nimnuan, C. & Sharpe, M. (1999). Functional somatic syndromes: One or many?Lancet, 354, 936–939. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08320-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar