An overview of the LASER-AD study: A longitudinal epidemiological study of people with Alzheimer's disease

References

• Albrecht, G.L. & Devlieger, P.J. (1999). The disability paradox: High quality of life against all odds. Social Science and Medicine, 48, 977–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APA (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Ballard, C.G., Margallo-Lana, M., Fossey, J., Reichelt, K., Myint, P., Potkins, D. & O’Brien, J. (2001). A 1-year follow-up study of behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia among people in care environments. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(8), 631–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blansjaar, B.A., Thomassen, R. & Van Schaick, H.W. (2000). Prevalence of dementia in centenarians. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 219–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgarten, M., Battista, R.N., Infante-Rivard, C., Hanley, J.A., Becker, R. & Gauthier, S. (1992). The psychological and physical health of family members caring for an elderly person with dementia. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45, 61–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boustani, M., Campbell, N., Munger, S., Maidment, I. & Fox, C. (2008). Impact of anticholinergics on the ageing brain: A review and practical application. Ageing Health, 4, 311–320.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, J.D., Malter, A.D., Sheppard, L., Kukull, W.A., McCormick, W.C., Teri, L. & Larson, E.B. (1996). Predictors of mortality in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 47, 433–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodaty, H. & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (1990). Psychosocial effects on carers living with persons with dementia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 351–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookmeyer, R., Corrada, M.M., Curriero, F.C. & Kawas, C. (2002). Survival following a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 59, 1764–1767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, A., Lewis, G., Jacoby, R. & Levy, R. (1991). Factors affecting survival in Alzheimer's disease. Psychological Medicine, 21, 363–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, A. & Rabins, P. (2000). Carer burden in dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, S9–S13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, N., Boustani, M., Limbil, T., Ott, C., Fox, C., Maidment, I., … Gulati, R. (2009). The cognitive impact of anticholinergics: A clinical review. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 4, 225–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, N.L., Boustani, M.A., Lane, K.A., Gao, S., Hendrie, H., Khan, B.A., …Hall, K. (2010). Use of anticholinergics and the risk of cognitive impairment in an African American population. Neurology, 75, 152–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver, C.S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: Consider the brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coen, R.F., Swanwick, G.R., O’Boyle, C.A. & Coakley, D. (1997). Behaviour disturbance and other predictors of carer burden in Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12(3), 331–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, C.A., Gold, D.P., Shulman, K.I., Wortley, J.T., McDonald, G. & Wargon, M. (1993). Factors determining the decision to institutionalize dementing individuals: A prospective study. Gerontologist, 33(6), 714–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C., Katona, C., Orrell, M. & Livingston, G. (2006). Coping strategies and anxiety in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease: The LASER-AD study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 90(1), 15–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C., Owens, C., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2008a). Attachment style and anxiety in carers of people with Alzheimer's disease: Results from the LASER-AD. International Psychogeriatrics, 20(3), 494–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2008b). Validity and reliability of the Brief COPE in carers of people with dementia – The LASER-AD study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196(11), 838–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C., Katona, C., Orrell, M. & Livingston, G. (2008c). Coping strategies, anxiety and depression in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(9), 929–936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C., Manela, M., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2008d). Screening for elder abuse in dementia: Prevalence, correlates and validation of instruments. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(3), 283–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullum, S., Huppert, F., McGee, M., Dening, T., Ahmed, A., Paykel, E.S. & Brayne, C. (2000). Decline across different domains of cognitive function in normal ageing: Results of a longitudinal population-based study using CAMCOG. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(9), 853–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jager, C., Milwain, E. & Budge, M. (2002). Early detection of isolated memory deficits in the elderly: the need for more sensitive neuropsychological tests. Psychological Medicine, 32, 483–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depp, C.A. & Jeste, D.V. (2006). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 6–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagles, J.M., Craig, A., Rawlinson, F., Restall, D.B., Beattie, J.A. & Besson, J.A. (1987). The psychological wellbeing of supporters of the demented elderly. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 293–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E. & McHugh, P.R. (1975). Mini Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, C., Livingston, G., Coulton, S., Maidment, I., Smithard, D., Boustani, M. & Katona, C. (2011). The impact of anticholinergic burden in Alzheimer's dementia-The LASER-AD study. Age and Ageing, 40(6), 730–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratiglioni, L. (1998). Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease. In A. Wimo, B. Jönsson, G. Karlsson, B. Windblad, (Eds). Health Economics of Dementia (pp. 13–31). Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ganguli, M., Dodge, H.H., Shen, C., Pandav, R.S. & DeKosky, S.T. (2005). Alzheimer disease and mortality: A 15-year epidemiological study. Archives of Neurology, 62(5), 779–784.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Habermann, S., Cooper, C., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2009). Predictors of entering 24-hour care for people with Alzheimer's disease: Results from the LASER-AD study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(11), 1291–1298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachinski, V., Iliff, L., Zilhka, E., Du Boulay, G.H., McAllister, V.L., Marshall, J., …Symon, L. (1975). Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Archive of Neurology, 32(9), 632–637.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han, L., Agostini, J.V. & Allore, H.G. (2008). Cumulative anticholinergic exposure is associated with poor memory and executive function in older men. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 56(12), 2203–2210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazan, C. & Shaver, P.R. (1990). Love and work – An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 270–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoe, J., Katona, C., Roch, B. & Livingston, G. (2005). Use of the QOL-AD for measuring Quality of Life in people with severe dementia – The LASER-AD study. Age and Aeing, 34(2), 130–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoe, J., Katona, C., Orrell, M. & Livingston, G. (2007). Care recipient and caregiver perceptions of quality of life in dementia: The LASER-AD study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(10), 1031–1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, T., Keene, J., Gedling, K., Fairburn, C.G. & Jacoby, R. (1998). Predictors of institutionalization for people with dementia living at home with a carer. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 682–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, F.A., Brayne, C., Gill, C., Paykel, E.S. & Beardsall, L. (1995). CAMCOG – A concise neuropsychological test to assist dementia diagnosis: Sociodemographic determinants in an elderly population sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 529–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hux, M.J., O’Brien, B.J., Iskedjian, M., Goeree, R., Gagnon, M. & Gauthier, S. (1998). Relation between severity of Alzheimer's disease and costs of caring. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 159, 457–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihl, R., Grass-Kapanke, B., Lahrem, P., Brinkmeyer, J., Fischer, S., Gaab, N. & Kaupmannsennecke, C. (2000). Entwicklung und validierung eines tests zur fruherkennung der dementz mit depressionsabgrenzung (TFDD) [Development and validation of a test for early diagnosis of dementia with differentiation from depression (TE4D)]. Fortschritter der Neurologie Psychiatrie, 68(9), 413–422.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jagger, C., Clarke, M. & Stone, A. (1995). Predictors of survival with Alzheimer's disease: A community-based study. Psychological Medicine, 25, 171–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonnson, L., Jonnson, B., Wimo, A., Whitehouse, P. & Winblad, B. (2000). Second International Pharmacoeconomic Conference on Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 14(3), 137–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsson, L., Eriksdotter Jonhagen, M., Kilander, L., Soininen, H., Hallikainen, M., Waldemar, G. …Wimo, A. (2006). Determinants of costs of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(5), 449–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm, A.F., Korten, A.E. & Henderson, A.S. (1987). The prevalence of dementia: A quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 76, 465–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, E.B., Shadlen, M.F., Wang, L., McCormick, W.C., Bowen, J.D., Teri, L. & Kukull, W.A. (2004). Survival after initial diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140(7), 501–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawlor, D.A. & Hopker, S.W. (2001). The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal, 322, 763–768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G., Manela, M. & Katona, C. (1996). Depression and other psychiatric morbidity in carers of elderly people living at home. British Medical Journal, 312, 153–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G., Katona, C., Roche, B., Guilhaume, C. & Rive, B. (2004). A dependency model for patients with Alzheimer's disease: Its validation and relationship to the costs of care – The LASER AD study. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 20(7), 1007–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G., Mahoney, R., Regan, C. & Katona, C. (2005). The Caregivers for Alzheimer's disease Problems Scale (CAPS): Validation of a new scale with the LASER-AD study (London and South East Region Alzheimer's Disease). Age and Ageing, 34(3), 287–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G., Katona, C., François, C., Guilhaume, C., Cochran, J. & Sapin, C. (2006). Characteristics and health status change over six months in people with moderately severe–severe Alzheimer's disease in the United Kingdom. International Psychogeriatrics, 18(3), 527–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G., Walker, A., Katona, C. & Cooper, C. (2007). Antipsychotics and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease – The LASER-AD study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78, 25–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G., Cooper, C., Woods, J., Milne, A. & Katona, C. (2008). Successful ageing in adversity: The LASER-AD longitudinal study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79, 641–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logsdon, R.G., Gibbons, L.E., McCurry, S.M. & Teri, L. (1999). Quality of life in Alzheimer's disease: Patient and caregiver reports. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 5, 21–32.
   Google Scholar
• Luengo-Fernandez, R., Leal, J. & Gray, A. (2010). Dementia 2010. The Prevalence, Economic Cost and Research Funding of Dementia Compared with Other Major Diseases. Retrieved from http://www.dementia2010.org/reports/Dementia2010Full.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Luppa, M., Luck, T., Braehler, E., Koenig, H.H., Riedel-Heller, S.G. (2008). Prediction of institutionalisation in dementia – A systematic review. Dementia Geriatric and Cognitive Disorders, 26, 65–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyketsos, C.G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A.L., Breitner, J. & DeKosky, S. (2002). Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(12), 1475–1483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, R., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Maxmin, K. & Livingston, G. (2005). The TE4D-Cog: A new test for detecting early dementia in English speaking populations. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 1172–1179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maidment, R., Regan, C., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2005). Anxiety and depression in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease – The LASER-AD study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(9), 795–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mather, A., Rodriguez, C., Guthrie, M., McHarg, A.M., Reid, I.C. & McMurdo, M.E.T. (2002). Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in older adults with poorly responsive depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, J.J., Hebert, L.E., Li, Y., Wollinskey, F.D., Gilley, D.W., Aggarwal, N.T., …Evans, D.A. (2005). The effect of adult day care services on time to nursing home placement in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Gerontologist, 45, 754–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. & Stadlan, E.M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritz, D.J., Fox, P.J., Luscombe, F.A. & Kraemer, H.C. (1997). Neurological and psychiatric predictors of mortality in patients with Alzheimer disease in California. Archives of Neurology, 54(7), 878–885.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morris, L.W., Morris, R.G. & Britton, P.G. (1988). The relationship between marital intimacy, perceived strain, and depression in spouse-caregivers of dementia sufferers. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 6, 231–236.
   Google Scholar
• Muraman, D.L., Chen, Q. & Powell, M.C. (2002). The incremental direct costs associated with behavioral symptoms in AD. Neurology, 59(11), 1721–1729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakhnikian, E. (2011). No Excuse for Abuse. Direct Care Alliance Policy Brief No. 9. Retrieved from http://blog.directcarealliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/No-Excuse-for-Abuse_DCA_policybrief-9.pdf
   Google Scholar
• NICE (2011). Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine and Memantine for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Review of NICE Technology Appraisal Guidance 111. NICE technology appraisal guidance 217. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13419/53619/53619.pdf
   Google Scholar
• NICE-SCIE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence – Social Care Institute for Excellence) (2012). A NICE-SCIE Guideline on Supporting People with Dementia and their Carers in Health and Social Care. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 42. Leicester:British Psychological Society. Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/10998/30320/30320.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Novella, J.L., Jochum, C., Jolly, D., Morrone, I., Ankri, J., Bureau, F. & Blanchard, F. (2001). Agreement between patients’ and proxies’ reports of quality of life in Alzheimer's disease. Quality of Life Research, 10, 443–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyebode, J. (2003). Assessment of carers’ psychological needs. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 9, 45–53.
   Google Scholar
• Pakaski, M. & Kalman, J. (2008). Interactions between the amyloid and cholinergic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochemistry International, 53(5), 103–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradise, M., Walker, Z., Cooper, C., Regan, C., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2009). Prediction of mortality in Alzheimer disease – The LASER-AD longitudinal study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(7), 739–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paton, J., Johnston, K., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2004). What causes problems in Alzheimer's disease: Attributions by caregivers. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(6), 527–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M. & Sorensen, S. (2003). Associations of stressors and uplifts of caregiving with caregiver burden and depressive mood: A meta-analysis. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(2), 112–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapoport, M.J., van Reekum, R., Freedman, M., Streiner, D., Simard, M., Clarke, D., …Conn, D. (2001). Relationship of psychosis to aggression, apathy, and functioning in dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(2), 123–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan, C., Katona, C., Walke, Z. & Livingston, G. (2005). Relationship of exercise and other risk factors to depression in Alzheimer's disease. The LASER-AD study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(3), 261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan, C., Katona, C., Walter, Z., Donovan, J., Hooper, J. & Livingston, G. (2006). The relationship of vascular risk to the progression of Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 67, 1357–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rive, B., Le Reun, C., Grishchenko, M., Cochran, J., Katona, C., Livingston, G., …François, C. (2010a). Predicting time to full-time care in AD: A new model. Journal of Medical Economics, 13(2), 362–370.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rive, B., Grishchenko, M., Guilhaume-Goulant, C., Katona, C., Livingston, G., Lamure, M., ..François, C. (2010b). Cost effectiveness of memantine in Alzheimer's disease in the UK. Journal of Medical Economics, 13(2), 371–380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryu, S.H., Katona, C., Rive, B. & Livingston, G. (2005). Persistence of and changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease over 6 months – The LASER-AD study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(11), 976–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sands, L.P., Ferreira, M.D., Stewart, A.L., Brod, M. & Yaffe, K. (2004). What explains differences between dementia patients’ and their caregivers’ ratings of patients’ quality of life?American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12(3), 272–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubert, C.C., Boustani, M., Callahan, C.M., Perkins, A.J., Carney, C.P., Fox, C., …Hendrie, H.C. (2006). Comorbidity profile of dementia patients in primary care: Are they sicker?Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 54, 104–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selai, C.E., Trimble, M.R., Rossor, M.N. & Harvey, R.J. (2001). Assessing quality of life in dementia: Preliminary psychometric testing of the quality of life assessment schedule. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11(3/4), 219–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, G.W., McDonnell, D.D., Brooks, R.L. & Papadopoulous, G. (2002). The impact of symptom severity on the cost of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 50(2), 321–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares, J.J.F., Barros, H., Torres-Gonzales, F., Ionnidi-Kapolou, E., Lamura, G., Lindert, J., …Stank, M. (2010). Abuse and Health Among Elderly People in Europe. European Commission, Executive Agency for health and consumers. Retrieved from http://www.ncpop.ie/userfiles/file/International%20Reports/ABUEL.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Teri, L., Gibbons, L.E., McCurry, S.M., Logsdon, R.G., Buchner, D.M., Barlow, W.E., …Larson, E.B. (2003). Exercise plus behavioural management in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(15), 2015–2022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trabucchi, M. (1999). An economic perspective on Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 12, 29–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Train, G., Katona, C. & Livingston, G. (2004). The relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive deficit and psychotropic prescription in Alzheimer's disease: The LASER-AD study. Polish Journal of Old Age Psychiatry, 1(3), 175–184.
   Google Scholar
• Tune, L.E. (2001). Anticholinergic effects of medications in elderly patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(Suppl. 21), S11–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services(2013). National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease: 2013 Update. ASPE.hhs.gov. http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/napa/NatlPlan.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vogel, A., Mortensen, E.L., Hasselbalch, S.G., Andersen, B.B. & Waldemar, G. (2006). Patient versus informant reported quality of life in the earliest phases of Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(12), 1132–1138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, A., Livingston, G., Cooper, C., Katona, C. & Kitchen, G. (2006). Caregiver's experience of risk in dementia – The LASER-AD study. Ageing and Mental Health, 10(5), 532–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehouse, R., Chamberlain, P. & Tunna, K. (2000). Dementia in people with learning disability: A preliminary study into care staff knowledge and attributions. British Journal of Learning Disability, 28, 148–158.
   Google Scholar
• Winblad, B., Jones, R.W., Wirth, Y., Stoffer, A. & Mobius, H.J. (2007). Memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 24, 20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfson, C., Wolfson, D.B., Asgharian, M., M’Lan, C.E., Ostbye, T., Rockwood, K. & Hogan, D.B. (2001). A reevaluation of the duration of survival after the onset of dementia. New England Journal of Medicine, 344, 1111–1116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaffe, K., Fox, P., Newcomer, R., Sands, L., Lindquist, K., Dane, K. & Covinsky, K.E. (2002). Patient and caregiver characteristics and nursing home placement in patients with dementia. Journal American Medical Association, 287(16), 2090–2097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, C.W., Scarmeas, N., Torgan, R., Brandt, A.J., Blacker, D., Sano, M., Stern, Y. (2006). Clinical features associated with costs in early AD: Baseline data from the Predictors Study. Neurology, 66, 1021–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar